TransFatty Acids in Dietary Fats and Oils from 14 European Countries: The TRANSFAIR Study

Aro, Antti; Amelsvoort, J. Van; Becker, Wulf; Erp-Baart, M.A. van; Kafatos, Anthony; Leth, Torben; Poppel, G. van

doi:10.1006/jfca.1998.0569

Cited by 97 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…It was shown that margarines lowest in TFA contained on average more saturated fatty acids (Aro et al, 1998a), which also has an impact on serum lipid levels. In data from the Nurses' Health Study, the impact of changes in fatty acid consumption on CVD risk was estimated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between trans fatty acid intake and cardiovascular risk factors in Europe: the TRANSFAIR study

et al. 2000

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Background: High intakes of trans fatty acids (TFA) have been found to exert an undesirable effect on serum lipid pro®les, and thus may increase the risk for cardiovascular disease. Objective: Investigation of the association between TFA intake and serum lipids. Design: Cross-sectional study in eight European countries (Finland, France, Greece, Iceland, The Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden) among 327 men and 299 women (50 ± 65 y). Using a dietary history method, food consumption was assessed and TFA intake was calculated with recent ®gures on TFA levels of foods, collected in the TRANSFAIR study. Results: Mean ( AE s.d.) TFA intake was 2.40 AE 1.53 gaday for men and 1.98 AE 1.49 gaday for women (0.87 AE 0.48% and 0.95 AE 0.55% of energy, respectively), with the highest consumption in Iceland and the lowest in the Mediterranean countries. No associations were found between total TFA intake and LDL, HDL or LDLaHDL ratio after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors. Additional adjustment for other fatty acid clusters resulted in a signi®cant inverse trend between total TFA intake and total cholesterol (P trend`0 .03).The most abundantly occurring TFA isomer, C18:1 t, contributed substantially to this inverse association. The TFA isomers C14:1 t9, C16:1 t9 and C22:1 t were not associated or were positively associated with LDL or total cholesterol. Conclusions: From this study we conclude that at the current European intake levels of trans fatty acids they are not associated with an unfavourable serum lipid pro®le.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between trans fatty acid intake and cardiovascular risk factors in Europe: the TRANSFAIR study

et al. 2000

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“…In practice, as described by Aro et al (1998a) the TFA iǹ low trans' spreads and baking fats is only partially replaced by PUFA and partially by SFA, and as such results in an increase in the total SFA intake. If TFA is indeed more harmful than SFA, then industrial lowering of trans in products would have more pronounced effects, but only in those countries with the higher TFA intakes (ICE, BEL, NET, UKI, NOR).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intake of fatty acids in Western Europe with emphasis on trans fatty acids: The TRANSFAIR study

Hulshof

Erp-Baart²,

Anttolainen³

et al. 1999

Eur J Clin Nutr

358

228

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Objective: To assess the intake of trans fatty acids (TFA) and other fatty acids in 14 Western European countries. Design and subjects: A maximum of 100 foods per country were sampled and centrally analysed. Each country calculated the intake of individual trans and other fatty acids, clusters of fatty acids and total fat in adults andaor the total population using the best available national food consumption data set. Results: A wide variation was observed in the intake of total fat and (clusters) of fatty acids in absolute amounts. The variation in proportion of energy derived from total fat and from clusters of fatty acids was less. Only in Finland, Italy, Norway and Portugal total fat did provide on average less than 35% of energy intake. Saturated fatty acids (SFA) provided on average between 10% and 19% of total energy intake, with the lowest contribution in most Mediterranean countries. TFA intake ranged from 0.5% (Greece, Italy) to 2.1% (Iceland) of energy intake among men and from 0.8% (Greece) to 1.9% among women (Iceland) (1.2 ± 6.7 gad and 1.7 ± 4.1 gad, respectively). The TFA intake was lowest in Mediterranean countries (0.5 ± 0.8 en%) but was also below 1% of energy in Finland and Germany. Moderate intakes were seen in Belgium, The Netherlands, Norway and UK and highest intake in Iceland. Trans isomers of C 18 X1 were the most TFA in the diet. Monounsaturated fatty acids contributed 9 ± 12% of mean daily energy intake (except for Greece, nearly 18%) and polyunsaturated fatty acids 3 ± 7%. Conclusion: The current intake of TFA in most Western European countries does not appear to be a reason for major concern. In several countries a considerable proportion of energy was derived from SFA. It would therefore be prudent to reduce intake of all cholesterol-raising fatty acids, TFA included.

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“…These partially hydrogenated oils are consumed in margarine, fast foods and highly processed foods (cakes, rolls, confectionery, biscuits, chocolate, potato crips and chips) and have been associated with different chronic diseases (Mozaffarian et al, 2006;Chajes et al, 2008). Many processed foods, including foods from major companies, still contain high levels of industrially produced trans-fatty acids, despite efforts to reduce them (Aro et al, 1998;McCarthy et al, 2008). A cross-sectional study on plasma fatty acid levels among a sub-sample of our study population (N ¼ 3003) shows a high correlation (r ¼ 0.72, Po0.01) between margarines and elaidic acid (trans 18:1 n-9), a specific biomarker of hardened fats and their related industrial foodstuffs (Saadatian-Elahi et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of highly industrially processed foods to the nutrient intakes and patterns of middle-aged populations in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study

et al. 2009

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TransFatty Acids in Dietary Fats and Oils from 14 European Countries: The TRANSFAIR Study

Cited by 97 publications

References 36 publications

Association between trans fatty acid intake and cardiovascular risk factors in Europe: the TRANSFAIR study

Association between trans fatty acid intake and cardiovascular risk factors in Europe: the TRANSFAIR study

Intake of fatty acids in Western Europe with emphasis on trans fatty acids: The TRANSFAIR study

Contribution of highly industrially processed foods to the nutrient intakes and patterns of middle-aged populations in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study

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