Transfer-activated response sets: Effect of overtraining and percentage of items shifted on a verbal discrimination shift.

Paul, Coleman; Callahan, Charles D.; Mereness, Marilyn; Wilhelm, Kenneth

doi:10.1037/h0026449

Journal of Experimental Psychology

1968

DOI: 10.1037/h0026449

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Transfer-activated response sets: Effect of overtraining and percentage of items shifted on a verbal discrimination shift.

Coleman Paul¹,

Charles D. Callahan²,

Marilyn Mereness³

et al.

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1970

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Cited by 2 publications

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“…Specifically, on the first unannounced reversal trial, overtrained 5s made about 4-6 consecutive errors (i.e., emitted the old correct alternatives), made no further errors on that trial, and achieved errorless performance on the second trial. To account /or this (and other) "rule-determined" performance, Paul and Paul (1968) advanced a notion of transfer-activated response sets (TARS). With respect to VD shifts, it was suggested that during original learning, the emission of a correct response is followed by "reinforcement" or feedback which, in effect, 5" echoes by implicitly saying, "is correct."…”

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confidence: 99%

Acquired equivalence of correct alternatives after verbal discrimination learning.

Paul¹

1970

Journal of Experimental Psychology

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Acquired equivalence of correct alternatives after verbal discrimination learning.

Paul¹

1970

Journal of Experimental Psychology

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Acquired (conditional) equivalence: A basis for response-set effects in verbal-discrimination reversal performance.

Paul¹,

Hoffman²,

Dick³

1970

Journal of Experimental Psychology

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Two experiments on a 50% reversal shift are reported. In Exp. I, reversed and nonreversed pairs were discriminatively color coded during transfer, so that word-pair color could identify shift status (reversed-nonreversed) of each pair. In Exp. II, reversed and nonreversed pairs were respective members of experimentally established equivalence classes; the equivalence mediator (label) could identify shift status of each pair. The experiments support a conditional equivalence analysis of verbal-discrimination shift tasks.It has been suggested (Paul & Paul, 1968) and subsequently verified (Paul, 1970) that during verbal-discrimination (VD) learning, the correct stimulus alternatives acquire the dispositional characteristics of an equivalence class (i.e., a new response learned to one of these items can generalize to the others). Thus, if in a VD reversal (transfer) task, nonreinforcement of a correct preshift response activates a suppression tendency (i.e., "self-instruction to suppress the nonreinforced response"), then that suppression tendency may be expected to generalize to all other response items in the equivalence class. This analysis helps to explain a number of VD transfer phenomena, e.g., one-trial VD reversal-shift performance (Paul, 1966(Paul, , 1968) and onetrial elimination of preshift responses in a three-alternative VD shift (Paul, Callahan, Mereness, & Wilhelm, 1968), etc.Conventional operations for establishing equivalence classes were not explicitly present in the aforementioned experiments. Hence, to strengthen the analysis it is desirable to demonstrate that when such operations are present, VD-reversal performance is affected in the expected way.A 50% reversal shift, ordinarily a difficult task, should be made considerably easier if 1 The present experiments were supported, in part, by Grant GB7397 from the National Science Foundation.2 Requests for reprints should be sent to Coleman

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Transfer-activated response sets: Effect of overtraining and percentage of items shifted on a verbal discrimination shift.

Cited by 2 publications

References 6 publications

Acquired equivalence of correct alternatives after verbal discrimination learning.

Acquired equivalence of correct alternatives after verbal discrimination learning.

Acquired (conditional) equivalence: A basis for response-set effects in verbal-discrimination reversal performance.

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