Transfer and metabolism of norepinephrine studied from maternal-to-fetal and fetal-to-maternal sides in the in vitro perfused human placental lobe

Sodha, R. J.; Proegler, Mariette; Schneider, H.

doi:10.1016/0002-9378(84)90729-4

Cited by 59 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Most of the catecholamines in the placenta are metabolized by the enzymes monoamine oxidase and catechol-O-methyltransferase [62]. Nevertheless, several studies report that small amounts of unmetabolized catecholamines are transferred from the maternal to the fetal side of the human and guinea pig placentas, subsequently altering the fetal development ( [63][64][65], for a review see also [66]). Offspring exposed to high catecholamine concentrations may be programmed in utero to become highly reactive to stimuli in their postnatal environment, altering their reactivity to stressful and novel events [58].…”

Section: Catecholaminesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms underlying the effects of prenatal psychosocial stress on child outcomes: beyond the HPA axis

Beijers

Buitelaar²,

Weerth

2014

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

283

275

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Accumulating evidence from preclinical and clinical studies indicates that maternal psychosocial stress and anxiety during pregnancy adversely affect child outcomes. However, knowledge on the possible mechanisms underlying these relations is limited. In the present paper, we review the most often proposed mechanism, namely that involving the HPA axis and cortisol, as well as other less well-studied but possibly relevant and complementary mechanisms. We present evidence for a role of the following mechanisms: compromised placental functioning, including the 11β-HSD2 enzyme, increased catecholamines, compromised maternal immune system and intestinal microbiota, and altered health behaviors including eating, sleep, and exercise. The roles of (epi)genetics, the postnatal environment and the fetus are also discussed. We conclude that maternal prenatal psychosocial stress is a complex phenomenon that affects maternal emotions, behavior and physiology in many ways, and may influence the physiology and functioning of the fetus through a network of different pathways. The review concludes with recommendations for future research that helps our understanding of the mechanisms by which maternal prenatal stress exerts its effect on the fetus.

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Section: Catecholaminesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms underlying the effects of prenatal psychosocial stress on child outcomes: beyond the HPA axis

Beijers

Buitelaar²,

Weerth

2014

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

283

275

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In late pregnancy, stress-induced adrenaline release from the adrenal medulla is reduced compared with that in non-pregnant rats (Vaha-Eskeli et al 1992, Russell et al 2008; however, noradrenaline responses are maintained, reflecting sympathetic nervous system activation (Vaha-Eskeli et al 1992, Russell et al 2008. Placental monoamine oxidase and catechol-O-methyltransferase metabolise maternal noradrenaline (Chen et al 1974(Chen et al , 1976, but up to 12% can be transferred to the foetal compartment (Sodha et al 1984), which may have adverse effects on the foetus(es). Elevated levels of circulating maternal catecholamines cause vasoconstriction of placental blood vessels, reducing placental blood supply and hence impairing the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the foetuses.…”

Section: Role For Catecholamines?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of maternal exposure to social stress during pregnancy: consequences for mother and offspring

2013

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A suboptimal in utero environment, for example, as a result of maternal stress, can have detrimental effects on the pregnancy and long-term adverse 'programming' effects on the offspring. This article focuses on the effects of prenatal social stress on the mother, her pregnancy and the offspring, since these issues have ethological relevance in both animals and humans. The consequences of social stress exposure depend on when during pregnancy the stress occurs, and many of the effects on the offspring are sex specific. Social stress during early pregnancy tends to result in pregnancy loss, whereas stress exposure later in pregnancy, when the mother has already invested considerable resources in the foetuses, results in programmed offspring of low birth weight: a risk factor for various adulthood diseases. Neuroendocrine and behavioural responses to stress in the offspring are particularly sensitive to foetal programming by prenatal stress, indicated by enhanced hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis responses and increased anxiety behaviour, which result from permanent changes in the offspring's brain. The dysregulation of HPA axis function may also interfere with other systems, for example, the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, as there is evidence for alterations in steroidogenesis, reproductive potential and impaired reproductive/social behaviours in prenatally stressed offspring. Prenatal social stress also programmes future maternal behaviour, highlighting the potential for negative phenotypes to be transmitted to future generations. The possible mechanisms through which maternal stress during pregnancy is transmitted to the foetuses and the foetal brain is programmed by prenatal stress and the potential to overwrite programming of the offspring are discussed.Reproduction (2013) 146 R175-R189

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“…In pregnant women, an increased intensity of physical activity leads to increased catecholamine levels. The augmented matemal catecholamines fi-om physical activity cross the placental barrier (30,31,43,46). Studies have shown increased HR during or immediately after matemal exercise, suggesting the fetal heart responds to exercise-induced internal alterations (i.e., physiological, biochemical) in the mother without signs of distress (3,4,9,21).…”

Section: Maternal Physical Activity Intensity (Kcal Min"^)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Regular Maternal Exercise Dose and Fetal Heart Outcome

May

Suminski

Langaker

et al. 2012

Medicine &Amp; Science in Sports &Amp; Exercise

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Transfer and metabolism of norepinephrine studied from maternal-to-fetal and fetal-to-maternal sides in the in vitro perfused human placental lobe

Cited by 59 publications

References 16 publications

Mechanisms underlying the effects of prenatal psychosocial stress on child outcomes: beyond the HPA axis

Mechanisms underlying the effects of prenatal psychosocial stress on child outcomes: beyond the HPA axis

Effects of maternal exposure to social stress during pregnancy: consequences for mother and offspring

Regular Maternal Exercise Dose and Fetal Heart Outcome

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