Transfer Factor of Heavy Metals from Agricultural Soil to Agricultural Products

Kim, Jiyoung; Lee, Ji-Ho; Kunhikrishnan, Anitha; Kang, Dong‐Hyun; Kim, Minji; Yoo, Ji‐Hyock; Kim, Doo Ho; Lee, Young-Ja; Kim, Won Il

doi:10.5338/kjea.2012.31.4.300

Cited by 27 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The water showed very low levels of all heavy metals and therefore cannot be considered as a source for the rice. While both the fertilizer and soil samples had very elevated levels of Pb, Cd and As compared to the water, they were within national average levels for soil in Korea [5]. Of interest is that both As and Cd concentrations in the rice root were larger than in both the soil and fertilizer, while the Pb concentration was slightly lower.…”

Section: B Resultsmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…Arsenic has a higher transfer rate to rice than fruits and vegetables, and it is known that increases in soil heavy metal content result in higher heavy metal concentrations in crops. Therefore, it is important to monitor environmental concentrations of heavy metals in order to assess health risks [5]. During 2012-2014, Korean Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (KMFDS) conducted a heavy metal safety assessment using approximately 30,000 samples of raw food materials in Korea from the agricultural, fisheries and livestock sectors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Safety assessment of heavy metals in rice, cultivated habitats (soil and water,etc) and cooked rice that may arise from environment

2015

IJRCMCE

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Heavy metals were analyzed in approximately 30,000 samples from agricultural, fisheries and livestock food sources in order to assess food safety in Korea from 2012-2014 as part of a project with Korean Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (KMFDS). This study reports the Pb, Cd, As (analyzed by ICP-MS and ICP-OES) and Hg (using gold amalgamation analysis) contents found in rice during these studies. Rice was the most widely studied food as it is a staple of the Korean diet. Rice, rice seed, rice straw, rice root, the fertilizer used for cultivation and related environmental samples (soil and water) were sampled from cultivation sites for analysis. Analysis was also performed to determine changes in heavy metal contents during the cooking process. Water was analyzed after rinsing rice once, twice, three times, and soaking rice for 30 minutes. Rice that had been boiled for 30 minutes was also analyzed. Sampling and analytical methods used were carried out in accordance with the Republic of Korea Food Code and Standards Act. The environmental samples were referenced to USEPA. Validation was carried out using QA / QC and the analyses passed a FAPAS test for external quality assurance. We analyzed the correlation between rice heavy metal concentrations, agricultural products and the environmental surroundings. As and Cd concentrations in the rice root were found to be several times larger than in the surrounding soil and fertilizer used, while Pb concentrations were lower. However, these concentrations were lower in the final rice grain. We also found that rinsing removed As, but there was little added benefit after 2 or 3 rinses.

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Section: B Resultsmentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety assessment of heavy metals in rice, cultivated habitats (soil and water,etc) and cooked rice that may arise from environment

2015

IJRCMCE

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“…[2] showed that soil physicochemical factors (such as pH, cation exchange capacity, clay content) influence the accumulation of Pb in various parts of barley in contaminated soil by Pb from traffic pollution. Likely, [3] reported that the average lead concentration in barley (0.136 mg kg -1 ) was higher than rice (0.099 mg kg -1 ), some of which exceeded the maximum residual levels (MLs) of lead (0.2 mg kg -1 ) established by the Codex, requiring continuous monitoring. In this study, in order to investigate the characteristics of transition from soil to barley, we evaluated human risks and suggested management for safe production of agricultural products through monitoring the heavy metal(loid)s of cultivated soil and barley in the major producing district in Korea…”

Section: Research Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Transition Characteristics and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal(loid)s in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Grown at the Major Producing Districts in Korea

Cho¹

2021

Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture

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BACKGROUND:The concern over heavy metal(loid)s in arable land and agricultural products increases for public health in recent years. This study aims to identify transition characteristics of heavy metal(loid)s and to assess dietary risk in barley grown at the major producing districts in Korea. METHODS AND RESULTS: The soil and barley samples were collected from 38 locations around the major producing districts at Jeollabuk-do in Korea for the propose of examining the concentrations of heavy metal(loid)s. The 34 barley samples were separately purchased on the market for the same survey. The average concentration and range of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in barley grown at the major producing districts in Korea were 0.

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“…It was probably attributed to the varietal and species difference. Kim et al (2012b) reported that the average transfer coefficient of As to the rice was 0.309 against 0.1 M HCl extractable As in soil. This value was similar with 0.405 value in this study.…”

Section: Arsenic Contents In Soils Using Single Extraction Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(1)) is defined as the ratio of the As concentration in crops (mg/kg DW) and soil (mg/kg DW) considering the crop uptake from soils and its transformation to the edible part of crops (Kim et al, 2012b).…”

Section: Calculation Of Bioconcentration Factor (Bcf)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Various Single Chemical Extraction Methods for Predicting the Bioavailability of Arsenic in Paddy Soils

Go¹,

Jeong²,

Kunhikrishnan³

et al. 2014

Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer

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The Codex Committee of Contaminants in Food (CCCF) has been discussing a new standard for arsenic (As) in rice since 2010 and a code of practice for the prevention and reduction of As contamination in rice since 2013. Therefore, our current studies focus on setting a maximum level of As in rice and paddy soil by considering bioavailability in the remediation of As contaminated soils. This study aimed to select an appropriate single chemical extractant for evaluating the mobility of As in paddy soil and the bioavailability of As to rice. Nine different extractants, such as deionized water, 0.01 M Ca(NO 3 ) 2 Woo-Ri Go, Seon-Hee Jeong, Anitha Kunhikrishnan, Gyeong-Jin Kim, Ji-Hyock Yoo, Namjun Cho, Kwon-Rae Kim, Kye-Hoon Kim, and Won-Il Kim 465 IntroductionThe Ministry of Environment established the criteria of soil contamination for heavy metal(loid)s in the agricultural fields designated by the Soil Environment Conservation Law in 1996 (MOE, 1996). The Ministry of Food and Drug Safety also established the criteria of 0.2 mg/kg for cadmium (Cd) in polished rice in Korea (KFDA, 2000). Recently, our regulations for agricultural environment including soil, irrigation water, agricultural materials (fertilizer and compost etc.), and agricultural products are being gradually reinforced (KFDA, 2011;MOE, 2010a). The CCCF (Codex Committee of Contaminants in Foods) have been under discussion on the maximum levels for arsenic (As) in polished rice since 2010 (FAO/WHO, 2014).In Korea, the standard method of analyzing heavy metal(loid)s contamination in soils is by aqua regia digestion (MOE, 2010b). This method is acceptable to evaluate the environmental burden of pollutants to the soil and to decide the proper environmental management and human safety. However, this method is not useful for assessing the metal bioavailability to crops. In order to minimize the risk of heavy metal(loid)s to the agricultural environment, crops, livestock, and humans exposed during the agricultural activities, considering bioavailability for the remediation of heavy metal(loid)s is necessary for agro-food safety (Naidu et al., 2003;Heemsbergen et al., 2009;Kim et al., 2009;Salazar et al., 2012;Bolan et al., 2014). Even though the development of analytical methods for measuring the bioavailability of heavy metal(loid)s in agricultural soils was rare in Korea, various assessment techniques were already developed worldwide. Bioavailability of metal(loid)s in agricultural soils was determined mainly by the concentration of metal(loid)s, the species and fractions of a specific metal(loid), and the physico-chemical properties of soils (Ruby et al., 1993;Geebelen et al., 2002;Kim et al., 2012a). Various single and stepwise sequential extraction methods were suggested to estimate the bioavailability of heavy metal(loid)s in agricultural soils. The Soil Environment Conservation Law recommended the use of 0.1 M HCl for cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn) and 1.0 M HCl for As to evaluate their bioavailability ...

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Transfer Factor of Heavy Metals from Agricultural Soil to Agricultural Products

Cited by 27 publications

References 17 publications

Safety assessment of heavy metals in rice, cultivated habitats (soil and water,etc) and cooked rice that may arise from environment

Safety assessment of heavy metals in rice, cultivated habitats (soil and water,etc) and cooked rice that may arise from environment

Transition Characteristics and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal(loid)s in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Grown at the Major Producing Districts in Korea

Comparison of Various Single Chemical Extraction Methods for Predicting the Bioavailability of Arsenic in Paddy Soils

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