Transfer of Delayed Hypersensitivity to Skin Homografts With Leukocyte Extracts in Man*

Immunologic Specificity of Transfer Factor

“…An alternate explanation would be that recent exposure to a particular antigen may increase the amount of specific transfer factor available in circulating leukocytes. This type of phenomenon was suggested by Lawrence, Rapaport, Converse, and Tillet's ability to systemically transfer immunity to histocompatibility antigens only when transfer factor was prepared from a donor at the peak of a fourth set skin graft rejection (6). The observation that transfer of equivalent degrees of cellular immunity can be accomplished has important implications in the use of transfer factor in immunotherapy regimens and will require studies to delineate the mechanism and factors involved.…”

“…The present study once again confirms these findings with transfer of tuberculin reactivity in 15 of 18 recipients and KLH reactivity in 10 of 10 recipients. Lawrence and his coauthors have stated that this transfer is specific for those reactivities possessed by the donor (4,6). For this reason, most investigators l select donors with intense skin test reactivity to the antigenic determinant to be transferred, although pools of "normal" transfer factor have been reported to be clinically effective in treating certain immunodeficiency diseases (10).…”

“…Most clinical studies of transfer factor have utilized the injection of leukocyte lysates or the dialysate of lysed leukocytes (1,(3)(4)(5)(6). Such crude preparations represent a heterogeneous mixture of small molecular weight compounds.…”

Accelerated Skin Graft Rejection in Humans Pre-Immunized With Homologous Peripheral Leukocytes*

“…This would also concur with Rapaport and co-workers' study of white graft production in which five of eight non- The difficulties inherent in investigations of human transplantation immunity may be somewhat eased by additional attention to the circulating leukocyte. Lawrence, Rapaport, Converse and Tillett meticulously detected the presence of a "factor" capable of transferring homograft immunity in extracts of peripheral white blood cells (19). The data presented here indicate the presence within the same cell population of antigenic constituents competent to induce the known -forms of skin homograft rejection.…”

Adoptive transfer of immunity to rabies virus

“…Adoptive transfer of cellular immunity in humans has been accomplished using various types of preparations containing or derived from circulating blood leucocytes: viable leucocyte concentrates (Lawrence 1949 and1952), leucocyte extracts prepared by lysis with distilled water or by freezing and thawing (Lawrence 1954 andLawrence et al 1960), enzyme-treated (DNase, RNase, DNase+trypsin) leucocyte extracts (Lawrence 1955 and, and antigen-liberated TF (Graybill et al 1973). Lawrence and Al-Askari (1971) reported that all of these techniques have been applied with equal effects.…”