Transfer of Files Between the Deep Impact Spacecrafts and the Ground Data System Using CFDP: a Case Study

Deep space communication has its own features such as long propagation delays, heavy noise, asymmetric link rates, and intermittent connectivity in space, therefore TCP/IP protocol cannot perform as well as it does in terrestrial communications. Accordingly, the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) developed CCSDS File Delivery Protocol (CFDP), which sets standards of efficient file delivery service capable of transferring files to and from mass memory located in the space segment. In CFDP, four optional acknowledge modes are supported to make the communication more reliable. In this paper, we gave a general introduction of typical communication process in CFDP and analysis of its four Negative Acknowledgement (NAK) modes on the respect of file delivery delay and times of retransmission. We found out that despite the shortest file delivery delay, immediate NAK mode suffers from the problem that frequent retransmission may probably lead to network congestion. Thus, we proposed a new mode, the error counter-based NAK mode. By simulation of the case focused on the link between a deep space probe on Mars and a terrestrial station on Earth, we concluded that error counter-based NAK mode has successfully reduced the retransmission times at negligible cost of certain amount of file delivery delay.

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“…Ref. [4] takes the Deep Impact Mission as a case to show transfer of files in deep space scenario using CFDP. In Refs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Error counter-based negative acknowledgement mode in CCSDS file delivery protocol

XIAO

Yang

Guo

2011

J. Electron.(China)

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“…File transfers were conducted using the Bundle Protocol and the Licklider Transmission Protocol (LTP) over the existing network infrastructure of the spacecraft, which uses CFDP [22]. The resulting network stack structure is shown in Figure 9, which can be compared with Figure 2.…”

Section: Other Later Tests In Spacementioning

confidence: 99%

Experience with Delay-Tolerant Networking from Orbit

Ivancic

Wood

Holliday

et al. 2008

2008 4th Advanced Satellite Mobile Systems

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Experience with Delay‐Tolerant Networking from orbit

Ivancic¹,

Eddy²,

Stewart³

et al. 2010

Satell Commun Network

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We describe the first use from space of the Bundle Protocol for Delay‐Tolerant Networking (DTN) and lessons learned from experiments made and experience gained with this protocol. The Disaster Monitoring Constellation (DMC), constructed by Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd (SSTL), is a multiple‐satellite Earth‐imaging low‐Earth‐orbit sensor network in which recorded image swaths are stored onboard each satellite and later downloaded from the satellite payloads to a ground station. Store‐and‐forward of images with capture and later download gives each satellite the characteristics of a node in a disruption‐tolerant network. Originally developed for the ‘Interplanetary Internet,’ DTNs are now under investigation in an Internet Research Task Force (IRTF) DTN research group (RG), which has developed a ‘bundle’ architecture and protocol. The DMC is technically advanced in its adoption of the Internet Protocol (IP) for its imaging payloads and for satellite command and control, based around reuse of commercial networking and link protocols. These satellites' use of IP has enabled earlier experiments with the Cisco router in Low Earth Orbit (CLEO) onboard the constellation's UK‐DMC satellite. Earth images are downloaded from the satellites using a custom IP‐based high‐speed transfer protocol developed by SSTL, Saratoga, which tolerates unusual link environments. Saratoga has been documented in the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) for wider adoption. We experiment with the use of DTNRG bundle concepts onboard the UK‐DMC satellite, by examining how Saratoga can be used as a DTN ‘convergence layer’ to carry the DTNRG Bundle Protocol, so that sensor images can be delivered to ground stations and beyond as bundles. Our practical experience with the first successful use of the DTNRG Bundle Protocol in a space environment gives us insights into the design of the Bundle Protocol and enables us to identify issues that must be addressed before wider deployment of the Bundle Protocol. Published in 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Transfer of Files Between the Deep Impact Spacecrafts and the Ground Data System Using CFDP: a Case Study

Cited by 6 publications

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Error counter-based negative acknowledgement mode in CCSDS file delivery protocol

Error counter-based negative acknowledgement mode in CCSDS file delivery protocol

Experience with Delay-Tolerant Networking from Orbit

Experience with Delay‐Tolerant Networking from orbit

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