Transfer of Haemophilus vaginalis Gardner and Dukes to a New Genus, Gardnerella: G. vaginalis (Gardner and Dukes) comb. nov.

Greenwood, J.; Pickett, M. J.

doi:10.1099/00207713-30-1-170

Cited by 140 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Classification for the genus Gardnerella is controversial: the genus has often been described as Gram variable but has a Gram-positive wall type (158). Gardnerella vaginalis is a facultative anaerobic bacterium and the only species of this genus belonging to the Bifidobacteriaceae family (159). G. vaginalis is strongly associated with bacterial vaginosis, a disease characterized by malodorous vaginal discharge, but it also occurs frequently in the vaginal microbiota of healthy individuals (160).…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taxonomy, Physiology, and Natural Products of Actinobacteria

Barka

Vatsa

Sanchez

et al. 2016

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

1,600

1,048

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SUMMARYActinobacteriaare Gram-positive bacteria with high G+C DNA content that constitute one of the largest bacterial phyla, and they are ubiquitously distributed in both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. ManyActinobacteriahave a mycelial lifestyle and undergo complex morphological differentiation. They also have an extensive secondary metabolism and produce about two-thirds of all naturally derived antibiotics in current clinical use, as well as many anticancer, anthelmintic, and antifungal compounds. Consequently, these bacteria are of major importance for biotechnology, medicine, and agriculture.Actinobacteriaplay diverse roles in their associations with various higher organisms, since their members have adopted different lifestyles, and the phylum includes pathogens (notably, species ofCorynebacterium,Mycobacterium,Nocardia,Propionibacterium, andTropheryma), soil inhabitants (e.g.,MicromonosporaandStreptomycesspecies), plant commensals (e.g.,Frankiaspp.), and gastrointestinal commensals (Bifidobacteriumspp.).Actinobacteriaalso play an important role as symbionts and as pathogens in plant-associated microbial communities. This review presents an update on the biology of this important bacterial phylum.

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Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taxonomy, Physiology, and Natural Products of Actinobacteria

Barka

Vatsa

Sanchez

et al. 2016

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

1,600

1,048

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“…n. Glycomycetaceae, the Glycomyces family). (57). A phylogenetic structure of the family has been published previously (88,99).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proposal for a New Hierarchic Classification System, Actinobacteria classis nov.

Stackebrandt

Rainey

Ward-Rainey

1997

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

1,738

846

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A new hierarchic classification structure for the taxa between the taxonomic levels of genus and class is proposed for the actinomycete line of descent as defined by analysis of small subunit (16s) rRNA and genes coding for this molecule (rDNA). While the traditional circumscription of a genus of the actinomycete subphylum is by and large in accord with the 16s rRNA/rDNA-based phylogenetic clustering of these organisms, most of the higher taxa proposed in the past do not take into account the phylogenetic clustering of genera. The rich chemical, morphological and physiological diversity of phylogenetically closely related genera makes the description of families and higher taxa so broad that they become meaningless for the description of the enclosed taxa. Here we present a classification system in which phylogenetically neighboring taxa at the genus level are clustered into families, suborders, orders, subclasses, and a class irrespective of those phenotypic characteristics on which the delineation of taxa has been based in the past. Rather than being based on a listing of a wide array of chemotaxonomic, morphological, and physiological properties, the delineation is based solely on 16s rDNA/rRNA sequence-based phylogenetic clustering and the presence of taxon-specific 16s rDNA/RNA signature nucleotides.In their publication "On the nature of global classification," Wheelis et al. (177) based the definition of higher taxa on the molecular level of universally homologous functions. This statement is derived from the high correlation of genealogical trees inferred from several such molecules, e.g., genes coding for 16s rRNA (16s rDNA) (179), 23s rDNA (96), elongation factors involved in the translation process, and the P-subunit of ATPase (97). The authors (177) stress that a basic requirement of a global classification is uniformity in methods and characteristics used in defining and ranking taxa. Nonhomologous characteristics, on the other hand, may be useful in confirming the molecular groupings. Application of this classification strategy led to the description of domains for the three highest taxa recognized today, the Archaea, Bacteria, and Eucarya Within the domain Bacteria, more than 15 lineages, which in phylogenetic uniqueness and ancestry are comparable to the archaeal kingdoms, have been identified. The taxonomic rank of kingdom has not yet been proposed for any of these lineages. The taxon class Proteobacteria has been proposed for a phylogenetically broad cluster of gram-negative genera, and several orders have been described for some of the phylogenetic lineages that emerged from the comparison of evolutionarily conserved macromolecules, e.g., Aquificales (19, Thermotogales (67), Verrucomicrobiales (173), and Planctomycetales (138). These phylogenetically coherent taxa are now used side by side with higher taxa that were described at the beginning of the pre-molecular era, i.e., before or around 1984. While the phylogenetic coherence of the division Firmacutes (53), the class Mollicutes, and the ord...

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“…Similar multilayered walls have been described for both gram-negative (21) and grarn-positive (30) organisms. Gardnerella vaginalis, another gram-variable organism from human vaginae, also has a multilayered wall (10). The thinness of the peptidoglycan layer may explain the tendency of the curved rod-shaped organisms to stain gram negative.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%