Transfer of methyl-branched hydrocarbons from the parasitoid, Eretmocerus mundus, to silverleaf whitefly nymphs during oviposition

Buckner, James S.; Jones, Walker A.

doi:10.1016/j.cbpb.2004.11.001

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Many parasitoid species often deposit marking pheromones as an indication to themselves and other females that the host has been parasitized (van Alphen and Visser, 1990;Ardeh, 2004;Buckner and Jones, 2005). Our study also suggests that E. warrae females mark the host after oviposition.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

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Superparasitism and host discrimination behavior of Eretmocerus warraeNaumann & Schmidt (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae)

Hanan¹,

Shakeel²,

He³

et al. 2016

Turk J Agric For

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Eretmocerus warrae Naumann & Schmidt is a thelytokous parasitoid that attacks the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum. Its host discrimination and superparasitism behavior was investigated at different host densities and time intervals between the first and second ovipositions under laboratory conditions (22 ± 1 °C, 60 ± 5% RH, a 16:8 light:dark photoperiod). At a density of between 10 and 15 hosts, significantly fewer ovipositions in parasitized nymphs were performed by the same experienced parasitoids (SEPs) or by different experienced parasitoids (DEPs) than by naïve parasitoids (NPs) 1 and 24 h after parasitization by the first female. However, at a host density of 15 nymphs, SEPs, NPs, and DEPs allocated significantly fewer eggs in the parasitized hosts than at that a density of 10 nymphs. Our results also showed that with the increase of host density from 20 to 140, the superparasitism rate of E. warrae significantly decreased. The findings from this study in relation to the mass rearing of E. warrae or field release are discussed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

“…Our study also suggests that E. warrae females mark the host after oviposition. Buckner and Jones (2005) reported that E. mundus applies chemicals (dimethyl alkanes) to its host, B. argentifolii, which prevents other parasitoids from using the same host.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Superparasitism and host discrimination behavior of Eretmocerus warraeNaumann & Schmidt (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae)

Hanan¹,

Shakeel²,

He³

et al. 2016

Turk J Agric For

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“…6, palmitic acid (C16), linoleic acid (C18:2), oleic acid (C18:1) (the dominant peak, m / z 282 is the isotopic peak of C18:1) and stearic acid (C18) were successfully detected in the ground tick nymph by negative ion SPALDI mass spectrometry, indicating that fatty acids in the tick nymph samples can be directly analyzed by SPALDI with minimal sample preparation. In addition, the analysis of fatty acids in tick nymphs by SPALDI can be obtained with one nymph only, whereas GC usually requires a significantly larger number ranging from 20 to 200 nymphs 32, 33. In our lab we pushed the number of tick nymphs used below 15 to analyze fatty acid profiles by GC.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of deprotonated acids with silicon nanoparticle‐assisted laser desorption/ ionization mass spectrometry

et al. 2010

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Chemically modified silicon nanoparticles were applied for the laser desorption/negative ionization of small acids. A series of substituted sulfonic acids and fatty acids was studied. Compared to desorption ionization on porous silicon (DIOS) and other matrix-less laser desorption/ionization techniques, silicon nanoparticle-assisted laser desorption/ionization (SPALDI) mass spectrometry allows for the analysis of acids in the negative ion mode without the observation of multimers or cation adducts. Using SPALDI, detection limits of many acids reached levels down to 50 pmol/µl. SPALDI of fatty acids with unmodified silicon nanoparticles was compared to SPALDI using the fluoroalkyl silylated silicon powder, with the unmodified particles showing better sensitivity for fatty acids, but with more low-mass background due to impurities and surfactants in the untreated silicon powder. The fatty acids exhibited a size-dependent response in both SPALDI and unmodified SPALDI, showing a signal intensity increase with the chain length of the fatty acids (C12-C18), leveling off at chain lengths of C18-C22. The size effect may be due to the crystallization of long chain fatty acids on the silicon. This hypothesis was further explored and supported by SPALDI of several, similar sized, unsaturated fatty acids with various crystallinities. Fatty acids in milk lipids and tick nymph samples were directly detected and their concentration ratios were determined by SPALDI mass spectrometry without complicated and time-consuming purification and esterification required in the traditional analysis of fatty acids by gas chromatography (GC). These results suggest that SPALDI mass spectrometry has the potential application in fast screening for small acids in crude samples with minimal sample preparation.

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“…Nymph's cuticular compounds were extracted according to the method described in Buckner and Jones (2005). Extracts were obtained from 300 ice-chilled nymphs of third and fourth instars placed in a 2 mL glass vial containing 300 μL of hexane or pentane.…”

Section: Extraction Of Cuticular Compounds From Nymphs Of Trialeurode...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Cues From Honeydew and Cuticular Extracts of Trialeurodes Vaporariorum Serve as Kairomones for The Parasitoid Encarsia Formosa

et al. 2022

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Kairomones are semiochemicals that are emitted by an organism of different species to the organism receiver which benefits from these chemical substances. Parasitoids find and recognise their hosts through eavesdropping on the kairomones emitted from the by-products or body of the hosts. Hemipteran insect pests feed on plant sap and excrete the digested plant materials as honeydew. Honeydew serves as a nutritional food source for parasitoids and a medium for micro-organisms whose activity induces the release of volatiles exploited by parasitoids for host location. The parasitoid Encarsia formosa preferentially parasitises its host, the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, on tomato Solanum lycopersicum, but little is known about the chemicals that mediate these interactions. We investigated the olfactory responses of the parasitoid E. formosa to odours from honeydew and nymphs of T. vaporariorum in a Y-tube olfactometer. Arrestment behaviour of the parasitoid to honeydew and nymph extracts, as well as to synthetic hydrocarbons, was also observed in Petri-dish bioassays. We found that T. vaporariorum honeydew volatiles attracted the parasitoid E. formosa but odours from the whitefly nymphs did not. We also found that the parasitoid spent more time searching on areas treated with extracts of honeydew and nymphs than on untreated areas. Gas-chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis revealed that the honeydew volatiles contained compounds such as (Z)-3-hexenol, 3-carene, 3-octanone, α-phellandrene, methyl salicylate, β-ocimene, β-myrcene and (E)-β-caryophyllene which are known to be attractive to E. formosa. The cuticular extracts of the nymphs predominantly contained alkanes, alkenes and esters. Among the alkanes, synthetic of nonacosane arrested the parasitoid. Our findings are discussed in relation to how the parasitoid E. formosa uses these chemicals to locate its host, T. vaporariorum.

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Transfer of methyl-branched hydrocarbons from the parasitoid, Eretmocerus mundus, to silverleaf whitefly nymphs during oviposition

Cited by 13 publications

References 15 publications

Superparasitism and host discrimination behavior of Eretmocerus warraeNaumann & Schmidt (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae)

Superparasitism and host discrimination behavior of Eretmocerus warraeNaumann & Schmidt (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae)

Analysis of deprotonated acids with silicon nanoparticle‐assisted laser desorption/ ionization mass spectrometry

Chemical Cues From Honeydew and Cuticular Extracts of Trialeurodes Vaporariorum Serve as Kairomones for The Parasitoid Encarsia Formosa

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