Transfer of ochratoxin a from lactating rats to their offspring: A short‐term study

Abstract

A dose-dependent transfer of ochratoxin A into the milk of lactating rats was found after a single oral dose of ochratoxin A, given in the dose levels of 10, 50, and 250-micrograms ochratoxin A/kg body weight by gastric intubation. The milk/blood concentration ratio of ochratoxin A at 24 and 72 h was 0.4 and 0.7, respectively. A linear relationship was found between the concentration of ochratoxin A in the dam's milk and in the blood of the pups at 72 h, as well as in the dam's milk and in the kidneys of the pups. The pup blood/milk concentration ratio of ochratoxin A was approximately 6. At 72 h the sucklings had higher levels of ochratoxin A than their dams in both blood and kidneys. The results show that the concentration of ochratoxin A in milk can be used as an indicator of the continuously administered dose to the suckling.

Ochratoxin A: a naturally occurring mycotoxin found in human milk samples from Norway

“…The prevalence of OA contamination in east-and middle-part of Norway was approximately the same as reported in the Swedish study (9), but the mean values were higher in the Norwegian samples. The prevalence of OA in human milk in Sweden and in Norway is higher than reported from Switzerland (16) and Germany (15).…”

“…Analyses of blood samples from different European countries show OA contamination at concentrations from 100 to 14 400 ng/l (8). The concentration level of OA in human milk is reported to be roughly  1/10 that in human blood (9). Different risk assessments of the intake of OA have been performed, and different tolerable daily intakes (TDIs) have been suggested (6,10,11).…”

Immobilization of mycotoxins on modified nanodiamond substrates

“…16 Consequently, OTA is found in crops worldwide, though it is most common in Northern Africa, North America and Europe. 17,18 In fact, evidence of OTA in Europeans' blood and breast milk was found to be widespread, 19,20 with exposure primarily gained though ingestion of grains (58% of the intake), wine (21%), grape juice (7%), coffee (5%) and pork (3%). 21 Unlike AfB1, OTA accumulates in tissue and has been associated with mutagenic, nephrotoxic, nephrocarcinogenic, teratogenic 22 and immunosuppressive properties that may lead to the development of certain diseases, such as balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN), urinary tract tumors and possibly testicular cancer.…”

Ochratoxin A kinetics: A review of analytical methods and studies in rat model

“…This statement is supported by the results obtained in F344 rats of both sexes (Vettorazzi et al, 2011) in which one of the models that best fitted to data was the one which assumed that OTA elimination occurs mainly from the liver compartment. In mammals, OTA can also be excreted via milk, and this has also been studied in the rat (Breitholtz-Emanuelsson et al, 1993;Hallen et al, 1998). The contribution of each route of excretion depends on factors such as the route of administration, the dose, the degree of serum macromolecular binding and differences in degree of enterohepatic circulation (Kuiper-Goodman and Scott, 1989).…”