Transfer of Streptococcus faecalis and Streptococcus faecium to the Genus Enterococcus nom. rev. as Enterococcus faecalis comb. nov. and Enterococcus faecium comb. nov.

Schleifer, Karl Heinz; Kilpper-Bälz, R.

doi:10.1099/00207713-34-1-31

Cited by 508 publications

(276 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Moreover, the rather high AT,(,, value of 8.6"C for S . morbillorum is in the range of those for Enterococcus faecalis (28) DNA-DNA hybridization studies were carried out to obtain information about the genetic relationships within the true viridans streptococci. Table 3 shows a group with very high DNA homology values consisting of S .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Relationships and Classification of Some Viridans Streptococci as Streptococcus oralis and Emended Description of Streptococcus oralis (Bridge and Sneath 1982)

Kilpper-Bälz¹,

Wenzig²,

Schleifer³

1985

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

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Nucleic acid hybridization studies together with a chemical cell wall analysis and physiological data indicated that some strains designated as Streptococcus sanguis 11, Streptococcus sp. ("S. mitior"-S. sanguis), and " S . viridans" I, 11, and IV are closely related to the type strain of S. oralis. These strains contained a directly cross-linked peptidoglycan with lysine as a diamino acid and ribitol and choline as characteristic cell wall constituents. We propose that these strains be classified as members of S. oralis. An emended description of S. oralis is given. S . oralis strains are genetically related to S. pneumoniae strains, and representatives of both species contain ribitol and choline in their cell walls.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Relationships and Classification of Some Viridans Streptococci as Streptococcus oralis and Emended Description of Streptococcus oralis (Bridge and Sneath 1982)

Kilpper-Bälz¹,

Wenzig²,

Schleifer³

1985

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

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“…The genus was established in 1984 when 'Streptococcus faecalis' and 'Streptococcus faecium' were transferred from the taxionomically unclearly defined group 'Streptococcus' in the new genus (Schleifer and Kilpper-Balz, 1984). Because of this some of the older literature cited in Abbreviations.…”

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confidence: 99%

The sex pheromone system of Enterococcus faecalis

Wirth¹

1994

European Journal of Biochemistry

120

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The sex pheromone system of Enterococcus faecalis was discovered by observing a clumping reaction of E. faecalis strains during conjugative transfer of plasmids. It was found that only a special type of E. faecalis plasmids, the so-called sex pheromone plasmids, are transferred via this mechanism. Various experiments, especially by the group of D. B. Clewell, led to the formulation of a model describing how the sex pheromone system works. Small linear peptides, the so-called sex pheromones, are excreted by strains not possessing the corresponding sex pheromone plasmid. Donor strains harboring the plasmid do not produce the corresponding sex pheromone; they react to the presence of the peptide by production of a plasmid-encoded adhesin, the so-called aggregation substance. This adhesin allows contact between the non-motile mating partners ; after conjugative transfer of the plasmid, the former recipient possesses and replicates the new plasmid. Thereby the population of E. faecalis strains is shifted to a high percentage of donor strains. This is especially true because a donor strain will still excrete sex pheromones corresponding to plasmids it does not harbor; therefore, such a strain can also function as recipient for other sex pheromone plasmids it does not possess.Various aspects of this unique plasmid collection mechanism have been studied during the last few years. The data indicate that, with the exception of pAM373, all sex pheromone plasmids possess one DNA region which is highly similar to and codes for the adhesin. It is also becoming more and more clear that regulatory functions/proteins are not conserved between different sex pheromone plasmids. Induction of adhesin synthesis needs the action of a regulatory cascade composed of unique features; at the moment we are just beginning to understand this cascade. By sequencing the first structural gene for one of those adhesins, we realized that the aggregation substance might act also as an adhesin for eucaryotic cells, probably by interaction with integrins. At least in the case of the in vitro cultured pig kidney tubulus cell line LLC-PK, this idea could be verified. An interesting aspect of the sex pheromone system of E. faecalis is its evolution. I will discuss the idea that two different components, both of which well might contribute to virulence of the opportunistic pathogenic bacterium, were combined in the species E. faecalis to result in this unique plasmid collection system.Enterococcus faecalis belongs to the bacterial genus Enterococcus which at the moment contains more than 15 valid species. The genus was established in 1984 when 'Streptococcus faecalis' and 'Streptococcus faecium' were transferred from the taxionomically unclearly defined group 'Streptococcus' in the new genus (Schleifer and Kilpper-Balz, 1984). Because of this some of the older literature cited in Abbreviations. ASA1, ASA373, ASCIO and ASPl, aggregation substance encoded by sex pheromone plasmids pAD1, pAM373, pCFlO and pPD1, respectively; ORFX, gene product of ogx (or€ ...

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“…Two species are common commensal organisms in the intestines of humans: E. faecalis (90-95%) and E. faecium (5-10%). 26 The exact reason for thyroid abscess caused by Enterococcus species is unknown. However, hematogenous spread is most likely cause for distant infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thyroid abscess in a 5 year old child caused by Enterococcus species: a rare case report

2018

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Thyroid abscess is a rare clinical entity which is attributable to its unique anatomical and physical characteristics which makes it resistant to infection. Thyroid gland is resistant to infection because of its rich blood supply and lymphatic drainage, an iodine rich environment and separation of the gland from other structures of neck by facial planes. In our case report, 5 years old male patient presented with a painful anterior midline neck swelling which was diagnosed as thyroid abscess caused by Enterococcus species. The patient was successfully treated with surgical drainage and appropriate antibiotics.

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Transfer of Streptococcus faecalis and Streptococcus faecium to the Genus Enterococcus nom. rev. as Enterococcus faecalis comb. nov. and Enterococcus faecium comb. nov.

Cited by 508 publications

References 6 publications

Molecular Relationships and Classification of Some Viridans Streptococci as Streptococcus oralis and Emended Description of Streptococcus oralis (Bridge and Sneath 1982)

Molecular Relationships and Classification of Some Viridans Streptococci as Streptococcus oralis and Emended Description of Streptococcus oralis (Bridge and Sneath 1982)

The sex pheromone system of Enterococcus faecalis

Thyroid abscess in a 5 year old child caused by Enterococcus species: a rare case report

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