Transfer of training from practice on components in a motor skill.

Gagné, Robert M.; Foster, Harriet

doi:10.1037/h0063050

Cited by 32 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The purpose of those studies was not to improve the final result of the required task, but rather to examine the extent of transfer [30], which lead to reduced time needed to reach a similar final result. For example, Gagne et al [28] concerning the field of occupational therapy investigated the extent of transfer in learning of a complex motor skill, when varying amounts of initial practice are given for a task that is itself a component activity of the required skill. Their research provides evidence of a relationship between the amount of preliminary practice and the learning of a complex motor skill.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An interventional study for improving the manual dexterity of dentistry students

et al. 2019

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ObjectivesTraditionally, the acquisition of manual skills in most dental schools worldwide is based on exercises on plastic teeth placed in a "phantom head simulator". No manual trainings are done at home. Studies revealed that preliminary training of one motoric task leads to significant improvement in performance of the required motoric task that has similar components. Performing tasks indirectly via a dental mirror are complicated for the young dental students. We hypothesized that instructed training of basic skills required in dentistry at home on a tool simulating the phantom laboratory will improve the capabilities of the students and will be reflected by their clinical grades.MethodsWe developed a portable tool PhantHome which is composed of jaws, gingival tissue, rubber cover and a compatible stand. Specific teeth produced by a 3D printer with drills in different directions were placed in both jaws. Students were requested to insert pins by using tweezers and dental mirror according to instructions initiating with easy tasks and continue to ones that are more complicated. 106 first clinical year dental students participated in the study; 65 trained only in the traditional phantom lab (control). 41 trained at home by the PhantHome tool two weeks before and 2 months during the initial stage of phantom lab. The students grades routinely provided in the phantom laboratory at different stages were compared.ResultsStudents who trained with the portable tool performed better than the control group in the first direct and second indirect preparations (p<0.05). These exams were taken when the PhantHome was available to the students. Then, the tool was returned and the phantom course continued regularly. We believe that this is why no differences between the grades of the groups were observed further on.ConclusionsTraining by the PhantHome improves motor skills and consequently the clinical performances.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An interventional study for improving the manual dexterity of dentistry students

et al. 2019

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“…Gagne et al (1950) found positive transfer to a perceptual motor task from practice on a discrimination component. Gagne and Foster (1949) observed positive transfer from practice on components of a motor task.…”

Section: Component-composite Relations Outside Behavior Analysismentioning

confidence: 93%

Behavioral Fluency: Evolution of a New Paradigm

Binder¹

1996

BEHAV ANALYST

453

460

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Behavioral fluency is that combination of accuracy plus speed of responding that enables competent individuals to function efficiently and effectively in their natural environments. Evolving from the methodology of free-operant conditioning, the practice of precision teaching set the stage for discoveries about relations between behavior frequency and specific outcomes, notably retention and maintenance of performance, endurance or resistance to distraction, and application or transfer of training. The use of frequency aims in instructional programming by Haughton and his associates led to formulation of empirically determined performance frequency ranges that define fluency. Use of fluency-based instructional methods has led to unprecedented gains in educational cost effectiveness, and has the potential for significantly improving education and training in general. This article traces the development of concepts, procedures, and findings associated with fluency and discusses their implications for instructional design and practice. It invites further controlled research and experimental analyses of phenomena that may be significant in the future evolution of educational technology and in the analysis of complex behavior.

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“…In accord with the suggestion that response selection is the locus, one might expect transfer to new tasks just in case the same response selection operations can be used with the same inputs and outputs, that is, in case the same stimulus identifications lead to the same responses-to use Welford's terminology. However, transfer effects in choice tasks have barely been investigated at all (but see Gagne & Foster, 1949, for one such study). What has occupied many researchers, on the other hand, are transfer effects in visual search tasks, in which subjects respond to the presence or absence of target elements in displays composed of multiple items (see Rabbitt, 1978, for a review of many studies).…”

Section: Practice Effects In Speeded Tasksmentioning

confidence: 99%