Transfer rates of aflatoxins from herbal medicines to decoctions determined by an optimized high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection method

Nian, Yujiao; Wang, Haiwei; Ying, Guangyao; Yang, Meihua; Wang, Ze; Kong, Weijun; Yang, Shihai

doi:10.1111/jphp.12856

Cited by 19 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Some animal medicines, such as Mylabris and Hirudo, that have a high content of proteins are also more susceptible to AFs contamination. AFs are also transferred into decoctions, resulting in a potential risk to consumers, especially whom take the herbal medicines directly or have a high consumption rate (Nian et al, 2018;Zhang et al, 2018;Raysyan et al, 2020). Notably, adverse reactions and toxicities of herbal medicines may originate from this type of pollution rather than the herbs themselves.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contamination of Aflatoxins Induces Severe Hepatotoxicity Through Multiple Mechanisms

et al. 2021

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Aflatoxins (AFs) are commonly contaminating mycotoxins in foods and medicinal materials. Since they were first discovered to cause “turkey X” disease in the United Kingdom in the early 1960s, the extreme toxicity of AFs in the human liver received serious attention. The liver is the major target organ where AFs are metabolized and converted into extremely toxic forms to engender hepatotoxicity. AFs influence mitochondrial respiratory function and destroy normal mitochondrial structure. AFs initiate damage to mitochondria and subsequent oxidative stress. AFs block cellular survival pathways, such as autophagy that eliminates impaired cellular structures and the antioxidant system that copes with oxidative stress, which may underlie their high toxicities. AFs induce cell death via intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis pathways and influence the cell cycle and growth via microribonucleic acids (miRNAs). Furthermore, AFs induce the hepatic local inflammatory microenvironment to exacerbate hepatotoxicity via upregulation of NF-κB signaling pathway and inflammasome assembly in the presence of Kupffer cells (liver innate immunocytes). This review addresses the mechanisms of AFs-induced hepatotoxicity from various aspects and provides background knowledge to better understand AFs-related hepatoxic diseases.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contamination of Aflatoxins Induces Severe Hepatotoxicity Through Multiple Mechanisms

et al. 2021

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“…The transfer rate of OTA from the three herbal medicines, namely Trichosanthis Semen, Eucommiae Cortex, and Rubi Fructus, to decoctions is 12.72–61.33% [6]. Considerable transfer rates of AFB 1 (4.37–26.37%), AFB 2 (9.64–47.68%), and AFG 2 (7.26–115.36%) are also observed from the five herbal medicines (i.e., Lilii Bulbus, Hordei Fructus Germinatus, Nelumbinis Semen, Polygalae Radix, and Bombyx Batryticatus) to decoctions [7]. Chronic toxicity is the most common form of mycotoxicoses and is caused by low-dose exposure over an extended period, leading to cancers and other irreversible effects [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Fungal Community in Ziziphi Spinosae Semen through High-Throughput Sequencing

Guo

Jiang

Luo

et al. 2018

Toxins

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Ziziphi Spinosae Semen (ZSS) has been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine system for decades. Under proper humidity and temperature, ZSS is easily contaminated by fungi and mycotoxins during harvest, storage, and transport, thereby posing a considerable threat to consumer health. In this study, we first used the Illumina MiSeq PE250 platform and targeted the internal transcribed spacer 2 sequences to investigate the presence of fungi in moldy and normal ZSS samples collected from five producing areas in China. Results showed that all 14 samples tested were contaminated by fungi. Ascomycota was the dominant fungus at the phylum level, accounting for 64.36–99.74% of the fungal reads. At the genus level, Aspergillus, Candida, and Wallemia were the most predominant genera, with the relative abundances of 13.52–87.87%, 0.42–64.56%, and 0.06–34.31%, respectively. Meanwhile, 70 fungal taxa were identified at the species level. Among these taxa, three potential mycotoxin-producing fungi, namely, Aspergillus flavus, A. fumigatus, and Penicillium citrinum that account for 0.30–36.29%, 0.04–7.37%, and 0.01–0.80% of the fungal reads, respectively, were detected in all ZSS samples. Moreover, significant differences in fungal communities were observed in the moldy and normal ZSS samples. In conclusion, our results indicated that amplicon sequencing is feasible for the detection and analysis of the fungal community in the ZSS samples. This study used a new approach to survey the fungal contamination in herbal materials. This new approach can provide early warning for mycotoxin contamination in herbal materials, thereby ensuring drug efficacy and safety.

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“…Mycotoxins cannot degrade during storage and are difficult to remove from CHMs because of their thermostability [ 41 , 42 ]. Moreover, considerable transfer rates of AFs and OTA have been observed from herbal medicines to decoctions and pose a threat to consumer health [ 43 , 44 ]. Comprehensive and efficient fungi identification in CHMs is an important basis for preventing fungal and mycotoxin contamination.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Fungal Microbiomes in Edible Medicinal Morindae Officinalis Radix and Alpiniae Oxyphyllae Fructus Using DNA Metabarcoding

Jiang

Chen

Guo

et al. 2022

Foods

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Morindae Officinalis Radix (MOR) and Alpiniae Oxyphyllae Fructus (AOF) have been widely used as dietary supplements and traditional herbal medicines for centuries. Fungal and mycotoxin contamination in MOR and AOF has been reported recently. In this study, fungi in MOR and AOF are first investigated using DNA metabarcoding, and the differences in fungal microbiome between moldy and non−moldy samples are analyzed. The results show that Ascomycota is the most prevailing fungus at the phylum level in MOR and AOF with relative abundances of 49.53–94.32% and 14.81–81.85%, respectively. Penicillium (1.86–76.14%), Cladosporium (1.82–56.65%), and Trichoderma (0.12–19.71%) are the dominant genera in MOR. Penicillium (0.27–56.06%), Papiliotrema (0.04–51.71%), and Cladosporium (3.08–44.41%) are the dominant genera in AOF. Two potential toxigenic fungi were detected, namely, Trichoderma atroviride and Fusarium equiseti. Moreover, the differences in fungal communities between moldy and non−moldy samples were monitored. In conclusion, DNA metabarcoding can be used to assess the fungal microbiome in edible medicinal herbs, thereby providing a basis for ensuring food safety and drug efficacy.

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Transfer rates of aflatoxins from herbal medicines to decoctions determined by an optimized high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection method

Cited by 19 publications

References 24 publications

Contamination of Aflatoxins Induces Severe Hepatotoxicity Through Multiple Mechanisms

Contamination of Aflatoxins Induces Severe Hepatotoxicity Through Multiple Mechanisms

Analysis of the Fungal Community in Ziziphi Spinosae Semen through High-Throughput Sequencing

Analysis of Fungal Microbiomes in Edible Medicinal Morindae Officinalis Radix and Alpiniae Oxyphyllae Fructus Using DNA Metabarcoding

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