Transfer to a motor skill from practice on a pictured representation.

Gagné, Robert M.; Foster, Harriet

doi:10.1037/h0061334

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…Overlearning refers to the process of providing trainees with continued practice far beyond the point when the task has been performed successfully (McGehee & Thayer, 1961). Research indicates that the greater the amount of overlearning, the greater the subsequent retention of the trained material (Atwater, 1953;Gagne & Foster, 1949;Mandler, 1954). More recently, Hagman and Rose (1983) reported the results of several studies sponsored by the Army Research Institute that provide empirical support for the value of overlearning on retention in military training contexts.…”

Section: Stimulus Variabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Transfer of Training: A Review and Directions for Future Research

Baldwin

Ford

1988

Personnel Psychology

2,474

2,786

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Transfer of training is of paramount concern for training researchers and practitioners. Despite research efforts, there is a growing concern over the "transfer problem." The purpose of this paper is to provide a critique of the existing transfer research and to suggest directions for future research investigations. The conditions of transfer include both the generalization of learned material to the job and the maintenance of trained skills over a period of time on the job. The existing research examining the effects of training design, trainee, and work-environment factors on conditions of transfer is reviewed and critiqued. Research gaps identified from the review include the need to (1) test various operationalizations of training design and work-environment factors that have been posited as having an impact on transfer and (2) develop a framework for conducting research on the effects of trainee characteristics on transfer. Needed advancements in the conceptualization and operationalization of the criterion of transfer are also discussed.

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Section: Stimulus Variabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Transfer of Training: A Review and Directions for Future Research

Baldwin

Ford

1988

Personnel Psychology

2,474

2,786

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“…In order to build fluency in composition, one must be able to copy letters and words quickly. Although early studies in perceptual-motor learning demonstrated that fluency in task parts makes fluency on complex tasks that contain these parts easier to achieve (e.g., Gagne & Foster, 1949), it was not until the late 1960s that Eric Haughton studied such relations in education. Haughton (personal communication, August 1978) found that college students having trouble in calculus could improve their performance by building fluency on very basic elements, such as saying and writing numbers and math facts.…”

Section: Tool Skill Applications and Other Component-composite Relationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breaking the structuralist barrier: Literacy and numeracy with fluency.

Johnson¹,

Layng²

1992

American Psychologist

218

202

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Behavior analysis is an example of a selection science, and behavioral programs that follow the tenets of selectionism, long advocated by B. F. Skinner, can have a large impact on social problems. This article describes the characteristics of selection sciences and their application in the Morningside Model of Generative Instruction, which addresses both adult literacy and children's learning and attention problems. School curricula are analyzed for their key component elements and underlying tool skills. Teaching procedures then establish and build these key components to fluency. New and complex repertoires then emerge with little or no instruction, producing curriculum leaps that allow students to make rapid academic advancement. Children typically gain more than two grade levels per school year, and adults advance two grades per month.

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“…He identified the following types of learning: enactive, vicarious, and persuasive. Methods to ensure transfer of training were based on Gagne's work (Gagne, 1985;Gagne, Briggs, & Wagner, 1992;Gagne & Foster, 1949a, 1949bGagne & Paradise, 1961). Gagne emphasized the importance of training before practice (SGCTM), learning sets, practicing skills in a variety of situations, and using cognitive strategies to recall and apply skills in novel situations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%