Transferable Plasmids of Salmonella enterica Associated With Antibiotic Resistance Genes

McMillan, Elizabeth A.; Jackson, Charlene R.; Frye, Jonathan G.

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.562181

Cited by 68 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 119 publications

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“…These plasmids were identified previously in Salmonella isolates recovered from the animal food chain, especially pork production chains (Liu et al, 2020(Liu et al, , 2021Viana et al, 2020). Interestingly, it has been demonstrated that these plasmids were associated with resistance to different antimicrobial classes, including β-lactams, aminoglycosides, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, and polymyxins (Elbediwi et al, 2020b,a;Gu et al, 2020;McMillan et al, 2020). Consequently, these plasmids may mediate the horizontal transmission of antimicrobial resistance genes during this slaughtering process.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Genomic Investigation of Salmonella Isolates Recovered From a Pig Slaughtering Process in Hangzhou, China

Ed-Dra

Pan

et al. 2021

Front. Microbiol.

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The pig industry is the principal source of meat products in China, and the presence of pathogens in pig-borne meat is a crucial threat to public health. Salmonella is the major pathogen associated with pig-borne diseases. However, route surveillance by genomic platforms along the food chain is still limited in China. Here, we conducted a study to evaluate the dynamic prevalence of Salmonella in a pig slaughtering process in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China. Fifty-five of 226 (24.37%) samples were positive for Salmonella; from them, 78 different isolates were selected and subjected to whole genome sequencing followed by bioinformatics analyses to determine serovar distribution, MLST patterns, antimicrobial resistance genes, plasmid replicons, and virulence factors. Moreover, phenotypic antimicrobial resistance was performed using the broth dilution method against 14 antimicrobial agents belonging to 10 antimicrobial classes. Our results showed that samples collected from the dehairing area (66.66%) and the splitting area (57.14%) were the most contaminated. Phenotypic antimicrobial resistance classified 67 of 78 isolates (85.90%) as having multidrug resistance (MDR), while the highest resistance was observed in tetracycline (85.90%; 67/78) followed by ampicillin (84.62%; 66/78), chloramphenicol (71.80%; 56/78), and nalidixic acid (61.54%; 48/78). Additionally, serovar prediction showed the dominance of Salmonella Typhimurium ST19 (51.28%; 40/78) among the 78 studied isolates, while plasmid prediction reported the dominance of IncHI2A_1 (20.51%; 16/78), followed by IncX1_1 (17.95%; 14/78) and IncHI2_1 (11.54%; 9/78). Virulence factor prediction showed the detection of cdtB gene encoding typhoid toxins in two Salmonella Goldcoast ST358 and one Salmonella Typhimurium ST19, while one isolate of Salmonella London ST155 was positive for genes encoding for the siderophore “yersiniabactin” and the gene senB encoding for enterotoxin production. From this study, we conclude that pig slaughterhouses are critical points for the dissemination of virulent and multidrug-resistant Salmonella isolates along the food chain which require the implementation of management systems to control the critical points. Moreover, there is an urgent need for the implementation of the whole genome sequencing platform to monitor the emergence of virulent and multidrug-resistant clones along the food chain.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Genomic Investigation of Salmonella Isolates Recovered From a Pig Slaughtering Process in Hangzhou, China

Ed-Dra

Pan

et al. 2021

Front. Microbiol.

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“…M28829.1). IncQ1 plasmids are small (10–12 kb) and broad host range [ 28 ]. They are generally associated with aminoglycosides, sulfonamides, and tetracycline resistance genes, although other antimicrobial resistance genes have been identified [ 28 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…IncQ1 plasmids are small (10–12 kb) and broad host range [ 28 ]. They are generally associated with aminoglycosides, sulfonamides, and tetracycline resistance genes, although other antimicrobial resistance genes have been identified [ 28 ]. Similarly, pS16 carried multiple antibiotic resistance genes including aph(6)-Id , aph(3″)-Ib , sul2 , and tet(A) , associating resistances of aminoglycoside, sulfonamides, and tetracycline.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic characteristics and comparative genomics of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Schwarzengrund strain S16 isolated from chicken feces

et al. 2022

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Background Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Schwarzengrund (S. Schwarzengrund) is most frequently isolated from commensals humans or poultry. Here we report S. Schwarzengrund strain S16, the first sequenced genome in the Republic of Korea. Additionally, genome sequencing for strain S16 was performed and compared with other S. Schwarzengrund genomes obtained from public database. Results Strain S16 was isolated from chicken feces. The complete genome consists of one chromosome and one plasmid. The genome size is 4,822,755 bp with 4852 coding sequences. Strain S16 was determined as serovar Schwarzengrund by in silico serotyping and typed as sequence type (ST) 96. Forty-six S. Schwarzengrund genomes yielded a pangenome of 7112 genes, core-genome of 3374 genes, accessory-genome of 2906 genes, and unique-genome of 835 genes. Eighty-one genes were unique to strain S16, including hypothetical proteins and transcriptional regulators. Genotypic analysis of antibiotic resistance of strain S16 confirmed resistance to amikacin, ciprofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole, streptomycin, and tetracycline. Unlike other S. Schwarzengrund genomes, strain S16 had a mutation of gyrB. Moreover, similar to other S. Schwarzengrund genomes reported in other countries, strain S16 was harbored for 153 virulence genes including Saf operon and cdtB gene. All the antibiotic resistance genes and virulence genes were present in the core- or accessory-genomes. Conclusions Complete genome of strain S16 was sequenced. Comparative genomic analysis revealed several genes responsible for antibiotic resistance and specific genomic features of strain S16 and identified virulence factors that might contribute to the human and animal pathogenicity of other S. Schwarzengrund genomes.

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“…From all the plasmid types detected in our study, IncF plasmids represented the most striking difference between E. coli and S. Infantis. IncF plasmids are restricted to Enterobacteriaceae and are associated with virulence in pathogenic E. coli and Salmonella (Johnson and Nolan, 2009;McMillan et al, 2020). They are also well-known as MDR plasmids.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Genomics of Emerging Lineages and Mobile Resistomes of Contemporary Broiler Strains of Salmonella Infantis and E. coli

2021

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IntroductionCommensal and pathogenic strains of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli and non-typhoid strains of Salmonella represent a growing foodborne threat from foods of poultry origin. MDR strains of Salmonella Infantis and E. coli are frequently isolated from broiler chicks and the simultaneous presence of these two enteric bacterial species would potentially allow the exchange of mobile resistance determinants.ObjectivesIn order to understand possible genomic relations and to obtain a first insight into the potential interplay of resistance genes between enteric bacteria, we compared genomic diversity and mobile resistomes of S. Infantis and E. coli from broiler sources.ResultsThe core genome MLST analysis of 56 S. Infantis and 90 E. coli contemporary strains revealed a high genomic heterogeneity of broiler E. coli. It also allowed the first insight into the genomic diversity of the MDR clone B2 of S. Infantis, which is endemic in Hungary. We also identified new MDR lineages for S. Infantis (ST7081 and ST7082) and for E. coli (ST8702 and ST10088). Comparative analysis of antibiotic resistance genes and plasmid types revealed a relatively narrow interface between the mobile resistomes of E. coli and S. Infantis. The mobile resistance genes tet(A), aadA1, and sul1 were identified at an overall high prevalence in both species. This gene association is characteristic to the plasmid pSI54/04 of the epidemic clone B2 of S. Infantis. Simultaneous presence of these genes and of IncI plasmids of the same subtype in cohabitant caecal strains of E. coli and S. Infantis suggests an important role of these plasmid families in a possible interplay of resistance genes between S. Infantis and E. coli in broilers.ConclusionThis is the first comparative genomic analysis of contemporary broiler strains of S. Infantis and E. coli. The diversity of mobile resistomes suggests that commensal E. coli could be potential reservoirs of resistance for S. Infantis, but so far only a few plasmid types and mobile resistance genes could be considered as potentially exchangeable between these two species. Among these, IncI1 plasmids could make the greatest contribution to the microevolution and genetic interaction between E. coli and S. Infantis.

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Transferable Plasmids of Salmonella enterica Associated With Antibiotic Resistance Genes

Cited by 68 publications

References 119 publications

Genomic Investigation of Salmonella Isolates Recovered From a Pig Slaughtering Process in Hangzhou, China

Genomic Investigation of Salmonella Isolates Recovered From a Pig Slaughtering Process in Hangzhou, China

Genomic characteristics and comparative genomics of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Schwarzengrund strain S16 isolated from chicken feces

Comparative Genomics of Emerging Lineages and Mobile Resistomes of Contemporary Broiler Strains of Salmonella Infantis and E. coli

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