Transference Numbers of Sodium and Potassium in Mixed Chloride Solutions. (Preliminary Paper.)

Braley, S. A.; Hall, J. L.

doi:10.1021/ja01454a002

Cited by 3 publications

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“…[4] where nA,Zn : 2(mi-mLA) W/IO00 [5] Zinc balance at cathode nc,zn : tznQ/F [6] where nc,zn = 2(mt,c --mi)W/1000 [7] where mf and mi are the final and initial molality of zinc, respectively, W is the weight of water and Q/F is faradays of electricity passed. Subscripts A and C represent anode and cathode, respectively.…”

Section: Measurement Of Quantity Of Electricity--the Quan-mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even though the Hittorf method suffers from some limitations such as water transport, accuracy of analytical measurements, and electrode coulombic efficiency, it is still one of the most commonly used methods for the measurement of transference numbers of ions in concentrated solutions. The Hittorf method has been used to investigate systems such as mixtures of hydrochloric acid and potassium chloride (5), hydrochloric acid and sodium chloride (5), and potassium chloride and sodium chloride (6,7). Furthermore, Hittorf transference data are available for zinc-chloride solutions at different concentrations and temperatures, and comparison can be made without required adjustment of the individual technique.…”

Section: Fpmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Hittorf method has been used to investigate systems such as mixtures of hydrochloric acid and potassium chloride (5), hydrochloric acid and sodium chloride (5), and potassium chloride and sodium chloride (6,7). The Hittorf method is based on the concentration changes of the species concerned in the anode and cathode compartments after the passage of a known quantity of electricity.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transference Numbers of Zinc in Zinc‐Chloride Battery Electrolytes

Jorné

1982

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Migration of zinc‐ion species affects the local zinc chloride concentration and solution density in the electrolyte adjacent to the zinc electrode and thereby influences natural convection at this electrode during both charge and discharge. This work presents experimentally measured transference numbers for ionic‐zinc species in aqueous solutions containing 1.5–3m ZnCl2+0–4m normalKCl+0–3m normalNaCl+0–0.4m normalHCl at 30°C using the Hittorf method. Negative transference numbers for zinc are obtained in most mixed‐salt solutions with minima of −0.2 to −0.3 occurring in the chloride ion concentration range of 6–8m. The transference number of zinc depends generally on the total chloride content. The effect of the cations is small, noticeable only at higher concentration, and follows the order of their ionic mobilities. The data support the presence of anionic zinc complexes such as ZnCl3− and ZnCl42− , which account for the negative transference numbers.

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Section: Measurement Of Quantity Of Electricity--the Quan-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fpmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transference Numbers of Zinc in Zinc‐Chloride Battery Electrolytes

Jorné

1982

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Fortschritte der Elektrochemie in den letzten zehn Jahren

Müller

1925

Angewandte Chemie

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Influence of Ionic Traces Upon the Electric Conductivity of an Electrolyte Solution. On the Possibility of Obtaining the Trace Mobility of an Ion Exclusively by Conductance Measurements

Raineri

Timmermann

1986

Ber Bunsenges Phys Chem

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In a detailed theoretical and experimental study it is shown that the initial slope for the dependence of the conductivity of an electrolyte solution with respect to the concentration of an added trace electrolyte is not only determined by the trace ionic conductivity of the non‐common ion added plus the ionic conductivity of the common ion at the concentration of the original (supporting) electrolyte, as has been proposed by H. G. Hertz et al. (J. Chim. Phys. 78, 68 (1981)). It is also determined in a non‐negligible amount by the variation of the equivalent conductivity of the pure supporting electrolyte with concentration as well as by the variation of this conductivity with the composition of the mixture at constant total concentration. The theoretical equations are verified with the complete electric transport data of the system HCl‐KCl‐H2O and careful conductivity measurements for the system NaCl‐KCl‐H2O. It is concluded that the trace ionic conductivity of an ion in a mixture cannot in general be obtained by conductivity measurements alone (transport number determinations are unavoidable) and the proposal due to Hertz et al. is shown to be inadequate. Only in the case of H+ as a trace ion the later two dependences mentioned above can be neglected within an error of 1% at relatively low concentrations of the supporting electrolyte.

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Transference Numbers of Sodium and Potassium in Mixed Chloride Solutions. (Preliminary Paper.)

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Transference Numbers of Zinc in Zinc‐Chloride Battery Electrolytes

Transference Numbers of Zinc in Zinc‐Chloride Battery Electrolytes

Fortschritte der Elektrochemie in den letzten zehn Jahren

Influence of Ionic Traces Upon the Electric Conductivity of an Electrolyte Solution. On the Possibility of Obtaining the Trace Mobility of an Ion Exclusively by Conductance Measurements

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