Transformações biológicas: contribuições e perspectivas

Abstract

Este artigo é dedicado aos 39 anos de carreira docente da Profa. Anita Jocelyne Marsaioli, devotada e incentivadora do modelo de pesquisa criativa e interativa e por sua notável contribuição para a Química brasileira. Recebido em 2/2/09; aceito em 10/3/09; publicado na web em 7/4/09 BIOLOGICAL TRANSFORMATIONS: CONTRIBUTIONS AND PERSPECTIVES. In a moment that amazingly advances are being reached on the development of technologies to obtain high value chemical compounds as polymers, fine chemicals, pharmaceutical industry intermediates and chemical entities, we cannot refuse that a meaningful progress is due to the maturing in knowledge of biological transformations. Biocatalysis and biotransformations are being widespread applied to generate processes and products with incredible success. In this review article we present the main contributions of biotechnology and biological catalytic processes to Chemistry, the most important evolution steps on enzymatic transformations, how it has being applied and which are the perspectives to academic and industrial environments. We also would like to stimulate the community to step out research in biotechnology applicable to chemical and pharmaceutical industries, trying to achieve what we believe to be the ideal layout: integrating chemical transformations, enzymatic conversions and fermentation processes.

Esterase screening using whole cells of Brazilian soil microorganisms

“…Dichloromethane was dried over CaH 2 and distilled immediately before use. 1 H NMR (300.01 MHz, CDCl 3 ) and 13 C NMR (75.50 MHz, CDCl 3 ) spectra were recorded on a Gemini 300P from Varian Instruments using (CH 3 ) 4 Si as internal reference (d 0.00). Chemical shifts d are given in ppm and coupling constants J are given in hertz.…”

“…The reaction mixture was treated with 3 portions of 5 mL of brine and the organic phase was dried over anhydrous Na 2 SO 4 …”

“…3) are the most useful biocatalysts in chemistry with outstanding applications in food chemistry, detergents, treatment of oily residues and in fine chemical industries. 3,4 Lipases (E.C. 3.1.1.3) and esterases (E.C.…”

An Overview of the Different Types of Catalysts in Organic Synthesis

“…A mudança conformacional induzida pelo substrato em enzimas é documentada na literatura através de diversas teorias. 62 A teoria do encaixe induzido, proposta por Koshland e colaboradores, é a mais aceita e considera a capacidade do substrato de induzir uma mudança conformacional na enzima para se adaptar a sua estrutura tridimensional. Esta mudança pode ser transmitida às subunidades vizinhas, induzindo na enzima um arranjo espacial preciso e específico responsável pelo processo catalítico.…”

Biotransformation of Aromatic Ketones by Linum usitatissimum

“…Linum usitatissimum L. (Linaceae), known as flax or linseed, is a good source of oil and meal, which is rich in fiber, protein, and fat. Its oil is arguably one of the richest source of polyunsaturated fatty acids, used in food and in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases [2,3].The use of natural catalysts offers a clean way to perform chemical process under mild reaction conditions with less or no usage of organic solvents, a high degree of selectivity due to the high chemo-, regio-and enantioselectivity of enzymes, while working under mild and environmental friendly conditions linked to the principles of green chemistry [4][5][6][7][8]. Thus, the biocatalysts can be an interesting alternative to prepare chiral alcohols and can also act as chiral auxiliaries in asymmetric synthesis of chiral molecules, and as a result the production of single enantiomers of molecules has become increasingly important in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries, from the corresponding prochiral ketones [6,[9][10][11][12][13].…”