Transformation and stable isotope fractionation of the urban biocide terbutryn during biodegradation, photodegradation and abiotic hydrolysis

Junginger, Tobias; Payraudeau, Sylvain; Imfeld, Gwenaël

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135329

Cited by 13 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Carbon isotope fractionation in paints A and B was insignificant (Δδ 13 C < 1 ‰), confirming the moderate extent (<80%) of terbutryn degradation . In laboratory studies with fresh paints, the potential of CSIA to follow terbutryn degradation may be limited, since a large fraction of terbutryn is not affected by irradiation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Emissions of the Urban Biocide Terbutryn from Facades: The Contribution of Transformation Products

Junginger,

Payraudeau,

Imfeld

2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Biocides are added to facade paints and renders to prevent algal and fungal growth. The emissions of biocides and their transformation products from building facades during winddriven rain can contaminate surface waters, soil, and groundwater. Although the emissions of biocide transformation products may be higher than those of the parent biocide, knowledge of the emissions of transformation products over time is scarce. Combining field-and lab-scale experiments, we showed that solar irradiation on facades controls the formation of transformation products and can be used with runoff volume to estimate the long-term emissions of terbutryn transformation products from facades. The slow (t 1/2 > 90 d) photodegradation of terbutryn in paint under environmental conditions was associated with insignificant carbon isotope fractionation (Δδ 13 C < 2 ‰) and caused 20% higher emission of terbutryn-sulfoxide than terbutryn in leachates from facades. This indicated continuous terbutryn diffusion toward the paint surface, which favored terbutryn photodegradation and the concomitant formation of transformation products over time. The emissions of terbutryn transformation products (77 mg m −2 ) in facade leachates, modeled based on irradiation and facade runoff, were predicted to exceed those of terbutryn (42 mg m −2 ) by nearly 2-fold after eight years. Overall, this study provides a framework to estimate and account for the long-term emissions of biocide transformation products from building facades to improve the assessment of environmental risks.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Emissions of the Urban Biocide Terbutryn from Facades: The Contribution of Transformation Products

Junginger,

Payraudeau,

Imfeld

2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…A study comparing photodegradation, abiotic hydrolysis, and biodegradation of terbutryn under laboratory conditions used compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) to draw conclusions about reaction pathways [ 16 ]. In photodegradation experiments, the concentrations of TBSO and TB-DesE first increased and later decreased, while TBOH concentrations increased and reached a plateau.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conclusions regarding a preferred pathway under natural weathering conditions are not possible based on the results presented here. Formation of TBOH-DesE was only supported by the UV radiation in the laboratory experiments [ 16 ]. This is in agreement with the observations for natural weathering conditions (this study) and a laboratory study on the transformation of terbutryn in paint films by combined influence of water contact and UV radiation [ 8 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is in agreement with the observations for natural weathering conditions (this study) and a laboratory study on the transformation of terbutryn in paint films by combined influence of water contact and UV radiation [ 8 ]. Under laboratory conditions, TBOH was also formed by hydrolysis at very low and very high pH values [ 16 ]. This may be relevant for water-filled pores of alkaline renders rather than for the paint layers investigated in this study.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In an extended laboratory experiment that included periods of water contact in combination with exposure to UV radiation, it was demonstrated that water contact and UV radiation mutually influence transformation processes and leaching of substances [ 8 ]. Transformation of terbutryn due to photolytic and hydrolytic reactions and biodegradation was investigated in laboratory studies [ 16 ]. Current knowledge regarding biocide emissions from building materials during wet weather has been summarized by Paijens et al [ 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Impact of Weather Conditions on Biocides in Paints

Schoknecht

Mathies

2022

Materials

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Weather conditions affect biocides on exposed outer surfaces on constructions. Contact with water causes hydrolysis and leaching of substances. Ultraviolet radiation may induce photolysis. As a result, a mixture of biocidal active substances and transformation products can be emitted into the environment. In a semi-field study, leaching of the biocidal active substances terbutryn, diuron, octylisothiazolinone, carbendazim, and selected transformation products was observed for two paints containing either a white or a red pigment. Painted test panels were exposed to natural weathering for about 1.5 years. Runoff samples were analyzed during the course of the experiment. At the end of the study, residues of biocidal active substances and transformation products were determined in sections of the test panels. Emissions of substances were mainly observed during the first few months of the experiments. Increased emissions of transformation products were observed during periods of increased global radiation and subsequent periods with relatively high amounts of driving rain. Different patterns of transformation products were observed, especially for terbutryn, both for paints containing different pigments and in experiments that were started in different periods of the year, as well as during different periods of the experiments.

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Biocides in Soils of Urban Stormwater Infiltration Systems—Indications of Inputs from Point and Non-point Sources

Linke,

Edun,

Junginger

et al. 2023

Water Air Soil Pollut

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Urban stormwater contains various micropollutants, such as biocides, which are washed off from facades during wind-driven rain events. Biocides can reach the groundwater via stormwater infiltration systems (SIS), although the soil layer acts as a reactive barrier preventing the leaching of biocides but producing transformation products (TPs). Little is known about the occurrence and concentration of biocides in SIS soils, their distribution and temporal behavior. Here, we present a first systematic screening of three commonly used biocides (diuron, octylisothiazolinone (OIT), terbutryn) and four TPs of terbutryn in 46 French and German SIS. Overall, biocide occurrence in SIS topsoils was ubiquitous but low, while point source inputs to specific SIS were high but rare. Low concentrations (< 2ng g-1) of terbutryn were detected in 78% of the SIS. Maximum concentrations occurred in recently constructed SIS, suggesting that this is due to higher biocide loads entering the SIS. The frequent detection of terbutryn supports the idea that it is a non-point source marker, as it is relatively stable in soil (t1/2 > 90 days) and widely used in renders and paints. In contrast, high concentrations of diuron (168 ng g-1) and OIT (58 ng g-1) were observed in only one sample, suggesting an urban point source contamination, possibly from a freshly repainted facade. The distinction between source types provides a basis for targeted measures to prevent biocide entry to groundwater. Altogether, this study opens the door to a more systematic consideration of micropollutant dissipation and ecotoxicological effects in SIS design and monitoring.

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Transformation and stable isotope fractionation of the urban biocide terbutryn during biodegradation, photodegradation and abiotic hydrolysis

Cited by 13 publications

References 74 publications

Emissions of the Urban Biocide Terbutryn from Facades: The Contribution of Transformation Products

Emissions of the Urban Biocide Terbutryn from Facades: The Contribution of Transformation Products

The Impact of Weather Conditions on Biocides in Paints

Biocides in Soils of Urban Stormwater Infiltration Systems—Indications of Inputs from Point and Non-point Sources

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