Transformation behavior of Ti50-x/2Ni50-x/2Cux alloys

Study of the performance of modified nano-scale ZSM-5 zeolite on olefins reduction in FCC gasoline

“…The mainly reason is that the pores are blocked by coke deposited on the microscale HZSM-5 catalyst. As reported in the literature [26], the pore blockage is an important cause for surface areas reduction and deactivation of the microscale HZSM-5 cat- alyst. Comparison of the results in Tables 1 and 2 indicates the significant decrease in the adsorption capacity of the nanoscale HZSM-5 catalyst for 2,2,3-TMB, confirming that the coke formation mainly occurs in the secondary pores, which accounts for its improved stability.…”

Can we expect similar behavior among CuNiTi 35°C wires?

“…In addition to these parameters, G4 was also the only group with a Ni concentration (47.35%, highest of all samples) higher than Ti (45.82%), and it had a Cu concentration of 5.58% and Al equal to 1.27%. Thus, the Cu makes the Af temperature closer to that indicated by the manufacturer 5,6,19,[23][24][25]. However, the low Al concentration, and a relatively low concentration of Ti , which are elements that correlate positively with Af, in addition to the high concentration of Ni, which has a negative correlation with Af, are probably the reasons that this sample expressed high plateau forces and its Af temperature was below 35°C.…”

“…This result corroborates with the literature that states that the addition of Cu has the ability to stabilize the TTR, making the thermodynamic behavior less sensitive to Ni and Ti concentrations. 5,6,19,[23][24][25] If the Cu concentration was a little lower in this material and the Al concentration was higher, its Af temperature would probably be closer to 35°C. Such changes would tend to increase the final austenitic temperature value for this wire due to the negative correlation of Af with Cu and the positive correlation with Al.…”

“…Therefore, it seems safe to say that the addition of copper to the alloy together with aluminum caused a decrease in the variation of the final austenitic temperature, justifying the thermodynamic behavior of these wires. 5,6,19,[23][24][25] The Tanzo wires from American Orthodontics ® (G1) reached a mean high-plateau force of 36.49 N and average Af temperature of 29.4°C; below that identified on their packaging. Similar to the Eurodonto ® wires (G2), the SEM-EDS test in this metal alloy showed a superficial chemical composition in which the concentration of Ni and Ti is balanced (46.03% and 46.85%); however, with a Cu concentration equal to 6.32% and a smaller quantity of Al (0.81%).…”

“…Furthermore, the addition of Cu becomes essential so that the wire has a suitable and stable transition temperature for clinical use. 5 , 6 , 19 , 23 , 24 …”