Transformation of Endophytic Bipolaris spp. Into Biotrophic Pathogen Under Auxin Cross-Talk With Brassinosteroids and Abscisic Acid

Yousaf, Muhammad Junaid; Hussain, Anwar; Iqbal, Amjad; Irshad, Muhammad; Kim, Ho-Youn; Lee, In‐Jung

doi:10.3389/fbioe.2021.657635

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Proline content was assayed according to Yousaf et al [ 111 ] method with slight modifications. Fresh leaves of N. tangutorum (0.5 g) were ground in 2 mL of 3% ( w / v ) sul-fosalicylic acid and boiled in a water bath at 90 °C for 10 min to extract the proline.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Osmotic Regulatory Substances and Antioxidant Enzyme Activity of Nitraria tangutorum

Didi

Sam

et al. 2022

Plants

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Plant growth regulators (PGRs) are natural hormones and synthetic hormone analogues. At low concentrations, PGRs have the ability to influence cell division, cell expansion, and cell structure and function, in addition to mediating environmental stress. In this study, experiments were conducted to determine how exogenous PGRs indole acetic acid (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA), and gibberellic acid (GA) influenced osmotic regulatory substances and activity of antioxidant enzymes in Nitraria tangutorum. Using a completely randomized design, IAA, ABA, and GA3 were applied as foliar spray at concentrations of 50 mg/L, 100 mg/L, 150 mg/L, and 200 mg/L to N. tangutorum shrubs. Some selected shrubs did not receive any treatment and served as the control (Ck). The results showed that the foliar spray of IAA, ABA, and GA3 significantly increased the content of osmotic regulatory substances (soluble sugar, soluble protein, and proline) and antioxidant enzymes (SOD and POD) at most concentrations. In addition, the malondialdehyde (MDA) content significantly reduced after treatment, but after regrowth of coppiced shrubs, lipid peroxidation increased and was still lower than Ck. Our study provides evidence that 100 mg/L 150 mg/L, and 200 mg/L concentrations of IAA, ABA, and GA3 treatments are effective for enhancing osmotic regulatory substances and the activity of antioxidant enzymes in N. tangutorum, which offers an effective strategy not only for increasing tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses, but also improving the adaptability of N. tangutorum shrubs to the environment.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Osmotic Regulatory Substances and Antioxidant Enzyme Activity of Nitraria tangutorum

Didi

Sam

et al. 2022

Plants

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“…Evidence for a hemi-biotrophic lifestyle has already been proposed for Bipolaris/Curvularia ( Lu et al, 2021 ; Poudel et al, 2019 ; Xue et al, 2008 ; Chen et al, 2003 ). Additionally, there are reports of a growth-promoting endophytic strain that, under the influence of a hormonal imbalance of indole acetic acid and brassinosteroids, can transform into a biotrophic pathogen ( Yousaf et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The morphoanatomy of Serjania erecta Radlk (Sapindaceae) provides evidence of biotrophic interactions by endophytic fungi within leaves

Freitas,

Faria,

Silva

et al. 2023

PeerJ

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Background The leaves of Serjania erecta Radlk (Sapindaceae) are renowned in ethnobotany for their medicinal properties and are significant as a medicinal resource for traditional Brazilian communities. As necrotic spots are common on these leaves, indicating interaction with phytopathogenic fungi, it was hypothesized that biotrophic fungal species colonize the leaf tissues of S. erecta. Methods To test this hypothesis, we employed standard techniques in plant anatomy, which enabled us to investigate the interaction of fungal structures with plant tissues and describe the morphoanatomical and histochemical characteristics of the epidermis and limbus of S. erecta. Results The anatomical analysis showed the existence of leaf teeth on the leaf tips. Additionally, hyphae, conidiospores, and spores of Bipolaris/Curvularia species were detected on the adaxial epidermis. Moreover, melanized microsclerotia were found in glandular areas of the leaf teeth and the phloem, providing evidence of biotrophic behavior. The hypothesis that biotrophic phytopathogenic fungi interact with S. erecta leaf tissues was confirmed, despite the presence of many bioactive compounds (such as flavonoids, alkaloids, and essential oils), as evidenced by histochemical analyses. The presence of tector, glandular, and scabiform trichomes on the leaf teeth and epidermis was also revealed. This study presents, for the first time, the synthesis of essential oils and alkaloids in the leaves of S. erecta. Additionally, it investigates previously unexplained aspects of the anatomy and histochemistry of the species, as well as its interaction with resident microorganisms. Therefore, it is recommended that future research focus on extracting and characterizing the oils and alkaloids of S. erecta, as well as exploring other aspects related to its microbiome and its relationship.

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“…IAA was found to crosstalk with cytokinin and ABA and affect plant-microbe interactions in the maize-Bipolaris system. The hormone crosstalk led to reduced plant defense and altered the endophytic fungus from symbiotic to pathogenic [156].…”

Section: Metabolomics Of Hormonal Crosstalkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Plant Metabolomics and Its Applications in Stress and Single-Cell Biology

Katam

Lin

Grant

et al. 2022

IJMS

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In the past two decades, the post-genomic era envisaged high-throughput technologies, resulting in more species with available genome sequences. In-depth multi-omics approaches have evolved to integrate cellular processes at various levels into a systems biology knowledge base. Metabolomics plays a crucial role in molecular networking to bridge the gaps between genotypes and phenotypes. However, the greater complexity of metabolites with diverse chemical and physical properties has limited the advances in plant metabolomics. For several years, applications of liquid/gas chromatography (LC/GC)-mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) have been constantly developed. Recently, ion mobility spectrometry (IMS)-MS has shown utility in resolving isomeric and isobaric metabolites. Both MS and NMR combined metabolomics significantly increased the identification and quantification of metabolites in an untargeted and targeted manner. Thus, hyphenated metabolomics tools will narrow the gap between the number of metabolite features and the identified metabolites. Metabolites change in response to environmental conditions, including biotic and abiotic stress factors. The spatial distribution of metabolites across different organs, tissues, cells and cellular compartments is a trending research area in metabolomics. Herein, we review recent technological advancements in metabolomics and their applications in understanding plant stress biology and different levels of spatial organization. In addition, we discuss the opportunities and challenges in multiple stress interactions, multi-omics, and single-cell metabolomics.

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Transformation of Endophytic Bipolaris spp. Into Biotrophic Pathogen Under Auxin Cross-Talk With Brassinosteroids and Abscisic Acid

Cited by 13 publications

References 42 publications

Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Osmotic Regulatory Substances and Antioxidant Enzyme Activity of Nitraria tangutorum

Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Osmotic Regulatory Substances and Antioxidant Enzyme Activity of Nitraria tangutorum

The morphoanatomy of Serjania erecta Radlk (Sapindaceae) provides evidence of biotrophic interactions by endophytic fungi within leaves

Advances in Plant Metabolomics and Its Applications in Stress and Single-Cell Biology

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