Summary Targeted overexpression of the c-myc oncogene induces neoplastic transformation in immortalized, non-tumorigenic mouse mammary epithelial cells (MMEC). Experiments in the present study were conducted to examine whether cellular transformation induced by c-myc oncogene is associated with altered metabolism of 17,-oestradiol (E2). The Keywords: c-myc expression; oestradiol metabolism; mammary carcinogenesis It is well recognized that oestrogens exert a profound influence on mammary epithelial cell growth, differentiation and neoplastic transformation Prudhomme et al, 1984;Mauvais-Jarvis et al, 1986;Siiteri et al, 1986). The molecular and biochemical mechanisms important for oestrogen responsiveness and the influence of altered oestrogen responsiveness on mammary cell carcinogenesis, however, are not fully understood. Our earlier studies on immortalized, non-tumorigenic mouse mammary epithelial cell lines have shown that transfection of the cell line with myc or Ras oncogenes results in neoplastic transformation. Before tumorigenesis in vivo, myc as well as Ras transfectants exhibit aberrant hyperproliferation in vitro (Telang et al, 1990(Telang et al, , 1991Suto et al, 1992). Thus, persistent oncogene expression and aberrant hyperproliferation may represent molecular and cellular biomarkers for neoplastic transformation.The conventionally recognized markers for oestrogen responsiveness include (1) functional activity of oestrogen receptor as determined by receptor-ligand binding; (2) modulation of transcriptional activity, growth and induction of progesterone receptor (Prudhomme et al, 1984;Mauvais-Jarvis et al, 1986;Siiteri et al, 1986;Dubik and Shiu, 1992); (3) (Telang et al, 1991Suto et al, 1993). In addition, it has been proposed that the oestrogenmediated stimulation of growth of breast tumour-derived MCF7 cells may involve transactivation in the c-mvc promoter region (Dubik and Shiu, 1992). It is not clear whether these molecular and metabolic alterations characterize the initiated phenotype or represent a late-occurring, post-initiational event in a rapidly growing tumour cell phenotype.The experiments in the present study were designed to (1) establish the validity of oestrogen metabolism as an endocrine biomarker for tumorigenic transformation in mnyc oncogene-transfected mammary epithelial cells; and (2) elucidate the relationship between myc expression, the extent of cellular metabolism of E, and tumorigenic transformation. To this end, we have compared the extent of EB metabolism in the spontaneously immortalized, non-tumorigenic mammary epithelial cell line MMEC and the stable transfectant MMEC/myc3 that expresses activated c-myc proto-oncogene and is highly tumorigenic.1549