Transformation of land use pattern in the East Borsod coal basin from the beginning of minig industry to the political changes

Abstract

Historical geographic studies on land cover may support the understanding of the recent state. Focusing on coal mining, this process was followed and analyzed in the case of the East Borsod Coal Basin from the early 20th century to the political change. The contemporaneous maps and manuscripts concerning the mining were evaluated using geoinformatic techniques. Moreover, digitalized topographic map coming from the early and late period of mining (1924 and 1989, respectively) were analyzed. To determine the degree of human disturbance hemerobic relations and changes of the given land cover patches were quantified on the basis of the maps of the three military surveys, too. It can be stated that montanogenic subtype of an industrialagricultural landscape has been formed in the Bükkhát area. Beside the concentrated artificial surfaces, however, relative dominance of forest forming the matrix of the landscape remained.

Anthropogenic Pseudokarstic Depressions on Mount Bocskor (Bakony Region, Hungary)

“…However, the subsidence, as shown below, alternates with or occurs with atectonic faults. At the outer part of subsidence trough, a folding zone is formed, where an increase in space occurs (Sütő et al, 2009;Sütő, 2001;Erdősi, 1987;Wassmann, 1980). The increase in space is followed by the formation of a tensile structure which is accompanied by atectonic fissure development.…”

“…17). The degree of subsidence can be given for coal mines with the following simplified relation in the case without a boundary angle (Sütő, 2001).…”

“…The reason for a larger standard deviation is that there are several atectonic faults with different directions (as compared to the depressions of the depression groups described by Model A) in the area of the same depression group. At normal faults (Vadász, 1955) and at lateral displacements (Keller and Pintér, Sütő et al, 2009;Horányi and Kolozsvári, 1989;Erdősi, 1987). 1.…”

“…(3) Above the mining cavity a wide area of sinking takes place and to the impact of this tension occur which results in the formation of fissures with various widths, which also cause feature development on the surface (Sütő et al, 2009;Sütő, 2001;Erdősi, 1987).…”