Transformation of remnant algal biomass to 5-HMF and levulinic acid: influence of a biphasic solvent system

Abstract

Defatted algal remnant is transformed to 5-HMF and LA.

An integrated process for the valorization of corn stover promoted by NaCl in a GVL/H2O system

“…Rihko-Struckmann et al reported that the addition of NaCl in THF/H 2 O obtained a higher yield of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (34.4%) from algal biomass. 20 However, the roles of NaCl in organic co-solvents for the transformation of the various components in raw biomass needed further investigation. Thus, different contents of NaCl were added into the 25% GVL/H 2 O co-solvent in this work to study its effects on the transformation of corn stover (Fig.…”

“…GVL/H 2 O, THF/H 2 O) to improve the selectivity of products due to its salt effects. 16,20 In addition, it was reported that NaCl promoted the decomposition of oligomers derived from biomass (such as cellulose and xylo-oligomers). 21,22 Yu et al found that NaCl promoted the phase transition and glycosidic bond cleavage of starch under microwave heating conditions.…”

Simultaneous Production of Carotenoids and Chemical Building Blocks Precursors from Chlorophyta Microalgae

“…One of the novel sustainable materials that has been proposed as a promising precursor for the synthesis of valuable chemical building blocks is 5 ′ -hydroxymethylfurfural (5 ′ -HMF), which can be obtained by acid dehydration of carbohydrates (Rosatella et al 2011). Levulinic acid (LA), formed by rehydration of 5 ′ -HMF, is also a platform chemical for the production of biofuel, paint additives, green solvents or pharmaceuticals (Pileidis and Titirici 2016;Rihko-Struckmann et al 2020). 5 ′ -HMF, LA and other furanic derivatives can therefore be transformed into a variety of commercially interesting chemical precursors, connecting bio-based platforms with the chemical synthesis (Kohli et al 2019;Yu and Tsang 2017).…”

Synthesis and Properties of Furan Derivatives for Epoxy Resins

“…49 Second, HMF is sensitive to acid conditions (the medium in which it is produced) yielding humic matter and by-products. 50,51 Furthermore, high yield-production of HMF lies on fructose as a feedstock, although use of glucose or sucrose in presence of catalysts have already led to interesting solvents, 52,53 none of these sugars will ever be competitive with raw cellulosic biomass for a commercial production of HMF. [54][55][56] However, to the best of our knowledge, no review dealing with the synthesis of epoxy compounds starting from furan and HMF derivatives has been reported yet, that is the aim of this present review.…”

“…Polar aprotic solvent aqueous phase modifiers or ionic liquids have been potential alternatives, but these candidates show cost, toxicity, stability, and recyclability limitations, as well as catalyst recovery . Second, HMF is sensitive to acid conditions (the medium in which it is produced) yielding humic matter and byproducts. , Furthermore, high yield-production of HMF lies on fructose as a feedstock, although use of glucose or sucrose in the presence of catalysts have already led to interesting solvents, , none of these sugars will ever be competitive with raw cellulosic biomass for commercial production of HMF. − …”