Transformation Products in the Life Cycle Impact Assessment of Chemicals

Zelm, Rosalie van; Huijbregts, Mark A. J.; Meent, Dik van de

doi:10.1021/es9021014

Cited by 42 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The triazine ring of atrazine contains chlorine and two amino groups attached to the carbons at positions 2, 4 and 6. The amino groups are dealkylated to desethylatrazine (DEA), deisopropylatrazine (DIA), and desethyldeisopropylatrazine (DEDIA), which may also be harmful (Tomlin 2000;Ralston-Hooper et al 2009;van Zelm et al 2010). The benzonitrile herbicide dichlobenil has a nitrile group and chlorine in two ortho-positions attached to the benzene ring.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A zero-valent iron and organic matter mixture enhances herbicide and herbicide degradation product removal in subsurface waters

Kerminen

Salovaara

Kontro

2017

Journal of Environmental Sciences

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The pesticide atrazine, its degradation products, and 2,6-dichlorobenzamide (BAM) are persistent in groundwater environment. We studied whether their dissipation can be enhanced with a mixture of a complex carbon source and zero-valent iron (ZVI) called EHC®. The application rates were 1.0% and 2.0% (by weight) in subsurface sediments slurries (atrazine 30mg/L), and 2.0% in 1.5m pilot-scale sediment columns with groundwater flowing through (atrazine 0.08, desethylatrazine DEA 0.03, BAM 0.02μg/L). In the slurries under aerobic conditions, atrazine of 0.88±0.14mg/g of EHC® was dissipated chemically, as concentrations did not differ significantly between the slurries and their sterilized controls. No degradation occurred in the slurries under anaerobic conditions. In the pilot-scale columns under water-saturated conditions, atrazine, DEA and BAM were not detected in effluents during 33, 64 and 64days from the beginning of the water flow through EHC® columns, respectively, but thereafter traces of compounds could be detected. No atrazine or degradation products (BAM, DEA, deisopropylatrazine, desethyldeisopropylatrazine) could be extracted from the column sediments at the end of the experiment. As a result, the sum of dissipated pesticides was about 7.6μg/g of EHC® in columns under water-saturated conditions, and 0.88mg/g of EHC® in slurries under aerobic conditions. EHC® can be used to enhance the dissipation of studied pesticides in small quantities, preferentially under aerobic conditions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A zero-valent iron and organic matter mixture enhances herbicide and herbicide degradation product removal in subsurface waters

Kerminen

Salovaara

Kontro

2017

Journal of Environmental Sciences

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“…Their 90% CIs were typically 1.7 orders of magnitude (range, 0.4-2.6 orders of magnitude). Because Van Zelm et al [66] used experimental data, a comparison with their 90% CIs is particularly illustrative for the relevance of the predictive uncertainty in the environmental half-lives and soil sorption partitioning coefficients of the present study.…”

Section: Practical Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing predictive uncertainty in comparative toxicity potentials of triazoles

Golsteijn

Iqbal

Cassani

et al. 2013

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry

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Comparative toxicity potentials (CTPs) quantify the potential ecotoxicological impacts of chemicals per unit of emission. They are the product of a substance's environmental fate, exposure, and hazardous concentration. When empirical data are lacking, substance properties can be predicted. The goal of the present study was to assess the influence of predictive uncertainty in substance property predictions on the CTPs of triazoles. Physicochemical and toxic properties were predicted with quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs), and uncertainty in the predictions was quantified with use of the data underlying the QSARs. Degradation half-lives were based on a probability distribution representing experimental half-lives of triazoles. Uncertainty related to the species' sample size that was present in the prediction of the hazardous aquatic concentration was also included. All parameter uncertainties were treated as probability distributions, and propagated by Monte Carlo simulations. The 90% confidence interval of the CTPs typically spanned nearly 4 orders of magnitude. The CTP uncertainty was mainly determined by uncertainty in soil sorption and soil degradation rates, together with the small number of species sampled. In contrast, uncertainty in species-specific toxicity predictions contributed relatively little. The findings imply that the reliability of CTP predictions for the chemicals studied can be improved particularly by including experimental data for soil sorption and soil degradation, and by developing toxicity QSARs for more species.

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“…The debate on the relationships between RA and LCA has been going on now for over two decades [38][39][40][41][42] . The main topics discussed include how RA expertise and models can be used within the framework of LCA [43][44][45][46][47] , how to include metal-specific models 48 , metabolites 49 , spatial differentiation [50][51][52][53][54] and multi-substance impacts 55 , and how to define and develop new approaches for pollutants is not yet covered [56][57] . As part of this discussion, the compatibility of RA and LCA has been intensively discussed [14][15][16][58][59][60] .…”

Section: The Fundamental Constraintmentioning

confidence: 99%

Setting the stage for debating the roles of risk assessment and life-cycle assessment of engineered nanomaterials

et al. 2017

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Although technological and environmental benefits are important stimuli for nanotechnology development, these technologies have been contested from an environmental point of view. The steady growth of applications of engineered nanomaterials has heated up the debate on quantifying the environmental repercussions. The two main scientific methods to address these environmental repercussions are risk assessment and life-cycle assessment. The strengths and weaknesses of each of these methods, and the relation between them, have been a topic of debate in the world of traditional chemistry for over two decades. Here we review recent developments in this debate in general and for the emerging field of nanomaterials specifically. We discuss the pros and cons of four schools of thought for combining and integrating risk assessment and life-cycle assessment and conclude with a plea for action.

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Transformation Products in the Life Cycle Impact Assessment of Chemicals

Cited by 42 publications

References 32 publications

A zero-valent iron and organic matter mixture enhances herbicide and herbicide degradation product removal in subsurface waters

A zero-valent iron and organic matter mixture enhances herbicide and herbicide degradation product removal in subsurface waters

Assessing predictive uncertainty in comparative toxicity potentials of triazoles

Setting the stage for debating the roles of risk assessment and life-cycle assessment of engineered nanomaterials

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