Transformational opportunities for an equitable ocean commons

Claudet, Joachim; Amon, Diva J.; Blasiak, Robert

doi:10.1073/pnas.2117033118

Cited by 26 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The day before we submitted the revised manuscript for this paper, Claudet et al ( 2021 ) published “Transformational opportunities for an equitable ocean commons” online. Without mentioning ethics, those authors nevertheless framed pragmatic goals in ethical terms: an equitable future, equity for people and nature, expansion beyond anthropocentric notions of equity and rights in ABNJ to explicitly encompass the natural world and its components, intrinsic value of the ocean, rights of nature, and the ocean as a rights‐bearing entity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethical opportunities in deep‐sea collection of polymetallic nodules from the Clarion‐Clipperton Zone

Katona

Paulikas

Stone

2021

Integr Envir Assess & Manag

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Infrastructure supporting the transition of human societies from fossil fuels to renewable energy will require hundreds of millions of tons of metals. Polymetallic nodules on the abyssal seabed of the Clarion‐Clipperton Zone (CCZ), eastern North Pacific Ocean, could provide them. We focus on ethical considerations and opportunities available to the novel CCZ nodule‐collection industry, integrating robust science with strong pillars of social and environmental responsibility. Ethical considerations include harm to sea life and recovery time, but also the value of human life, indigenous rights, rights of nature, animal rights, intrinsic values, and intangible ecosystem services. A “planetary perspective” considers the biosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere, extends beyond mineral extraction to a life‐cycle view of impacts, and includes local, national, and global impacts and stakeholders. Stakeholders include direct nodule‐collection actors, ocean conservationists, companies, communities, interest groups, nations, and citizens globally, plus counterfactual stakeholders involved with or affected by intensification of terrestrial mining if ocean metals are not used. Nodule collection would harm species and portions of ecosystems, but could have lower life‐cycle impacts than terrestrial mining expansion, especially if nodule‐metal producers explicitly design for it and stakeholders hold them accountable. Participants across the value chain can elevate the role of ethics in strategic objective setting, engineering design optimization, commitments to stakeholders, democratization of governance, and fostering of circular economies. The International Seabed Authority is called to establish equitable and transparent distribution of royalties and gains, and continue engaging scientists, economists, and experts from all spheres in optimizing deep‐sea mineral extraction for humans and nature. Nodule collection presents a unique opportunity for an ambitious reset of ecological norms in a nascent industry. Embracing ethical opportunities can set an example for industrial‐scale activities on land and sea, accelerate environmental gains through environmental competition with land ores, and hasten civilization's progress toward a sustainable future. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2022;18:634–654. © 2021 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethical opportunities in deep‐sea collection of polymetallic nodules from the Clarion‐Clipperton Zone

Katona

Paulikas

Stone

2021

Integr Envir Assess & Manag

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“…A central component of the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development is a commitment for member nations to ensure that no nation is left behind. Given that our ocean is a shared resource, the BBNJ treaty will not be successful in contributing to this global priority without strong provisions that operationalize principles of equity, making this agreement a timely opportunity to launch meaningful progress towards social reform and global ocean equity (Claudet et al, 2021). Policies that promote equity can reduce poverty, promote long-term sustainable economic growth, reduce political discourse, and impact the welfare of future generations (Gupta et al, 1999).…”

Section: Social Benefitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The diverse benefits of biodiversity conservation in global ocean areas beyond national jurisdiction

et al. 2022

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The end of the long and winding road towards a milestone new treaty focused on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction (BBNJ) is near. The BBNJ treaty has the potential to dramatically transform environmental stewardship in the high seas, making it essential that vigorous support towards a strong treaty continues, without weakening the agreement’s full potential. Historically, the dialogue surrounding the BBNJ negotiations has focused on the agreement’s environmental and conservation-related impacts. Here, we begin to highlight the many diplomatic, economic, and social benefits of a vigorous and equitable BBNJ treaty. We found that strong support for the BBNJ treaty could strengthen multilateral institutions and bolster international cooperation towards common environmental goals. It could also enhance the health of shared marine ecosystems and resources and drive truly sustainable ocean-based economic growth. Finally, the treaty provides an opportunity to engage equity as a key principle, to begin tackling global ocean inequalities in a meaningful way. Together, we find that the new treaty has the potential for widespread and diverse benefits for all member nations. It is past time for the international community to address the global governance gap in the high seas in an ambitious and equitable manner.

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“…Equally important is ensuring that diverse voices can be heard in the Ocean Decade to identify problems that otherwise would be invisible and to embrace diverse ways of knowing the ocean. It is essential to understand the many ways that indigenous peoples and local communities relate to the ocean to inform ocean governance in a way that reflects the interconnections between humans and nature (Mulalap et al, 2020;Vierros et al, 2020;Pauwelussen, 2021), as well as the full breadth of cultural, spiritual, and social values of the ocean (Harden-Davies et al, 2020;Claudet et al, 2021). While it is encouraging to note that the Ocean Decade Implementation Plan (IOC-UNESCO, 2021) defined ocean science to include traditional and local knowledge, we must also recognize that there remain many challenges to achieving this transformative shift (Partelow et al, 2020).…”

Section: Embracing Diversity To Identify and Solve Problemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Generational Shift in Ocean Stewardship

Girón‐Nava¹,

Harden‐Davies²

2021

Oceanog

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The year 2021 marked the beginning of the United Nations (UN) Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development. The world now has fewer than 10 years to achieve the UN Sustainable Development Goals. In this article, we reflect on some of the challenges and opportunities this presents for Early Career Ocean Professionals (ECOPs) who will be instrumental in designing, delivering, and using ocean knowledge toward a more sustainable and equitable future. How can Ocean Decade programs and partnerships equip ECOPs with the necessary tools, skills, and opportunities to engage meaningfully with policy processes and to develop practical solutions for societal benefit? We propose some key questions for discussion among ocean scientists, ocean-dependent communities, and policymakers.

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Transformational opportunities for an equitable ocean commons

Cited by 26 publications

References 19 publications

Ethical opportunities in deep‐sea collection of polymetallic nodules from the Clarion‐Clipperton Zone

Ethical opportunities in deep‐sea collection of polymetallic nodules from the Clarion‐Clipperton Zone

The diverse benefits of biodiversity conservation in global ocean areas beyond national jurisdiction

A Generational Shift in Ocean Stewardship

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