Transformations of Carbides During Tempering of D3 Tool Steel

Abstract

The studies were performed on D3 tool steel hardened after austenitizing at 1050°C during 30 min and tempering at 200-700°C. Based on the diffraction studies performed from the extraction replicas, using electron microscopy, it was found that after 120-min tempering in the consecutive temperatures, the following types of carbides occur:Apart from higher mentioned carbides, there are also big primary carbides and fine secondary M 7 C 3 carbides occurring, which did not dissolve during austenitizing.

Effect of Multiple Tempering on Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Ledeburitic Tool Steel AISI D3

“…In addition, a higher precipitation of carbides for 3°R is observed. These results are not very consistent with the results of equation 2; but it should be borne in mind that equations (1) - (5) shown in [12] correspond to a temperature higher than than those used in the present study. Therefore these equations are only referential.…”

“…Samples were austenized in the range: 1000-1150 °C, then, on tempering, an increase in hardness was observed in the range, 350-600 ° C, arguing this effect is related to the bainitic transformation of RA, in some cases partially in martensite. In a subsequent study, the same authors [12] reported carbide transformations during tempering of AISI D3 steel, austenized at 1050 °C for 30 min, and tempering in range: 200-700 °C, for 2h. Using X-ray diffraction (DRX) and electron microscopy It was found, carbides and precipitates: (Fe 3 C) type in (200 °C -350 °C), and (M 3 C; M 7 C 3 ) in range: (500°C -700°C) .…”

“…Precipitated carbides can be compared with those obtained in the experiments done by T. Nykiel and T. Hryniewicz [12], who studied the transformations that carbides follow during tempering of AISI D3 steel. Parameters used were: T A = 1050°C, 30 min and then tempered for 2h in the range: 200-700°C.…”

Fluctuations in Chemical Composition of M7C3 Carbides in the Soft Annealed Nc11lv/D2 Steel

“…The studies concerning the effect of the heat treatment on the chemical composition of carbides in the tool steels of type about 2% C and 12% Cr were carried out by Sato et al [1], Głowacki [2], Kowalski [3], and with the additives of tungsten, molybdenum and vanadiumKałuża [4], Nykiel and Hryniewicz [5,6], Haberling and Schruff [7], Grman et al [8]. It results from the works that the chromium contents in M 7 C 3 carbides occurring in the mentioned steels under annealed state are in the range of about 43% [1] up to 52% [3].…”

Effect of High-Temperature Heating on Chemical Changes in M₇C₃ Carbides of AISI D2 Tool Steel

“…Sato et al [3,4], Głowacki [5,6], Kowalski [7], and with the additives of tungsten, molybdenum and vanadium by Gulajev and Sanczyk [8], Kałuża [9], Nykiel [10], Hryniewicz and Nykiel [11,12], Nykiel and Hryniewicz [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30], Haberling and Schruff [31], Grman et al [32]. It results from the works that the chromium contents in M 7 C 3 carbides occurring in the mentioned steels under annealed state are in the range of about 43 % [3,4] up to 52 % [5,6].…”