Transformations of thiophene compounds under catalytic cracking conditions

Потапенко, О. В.; Доронин, В. П.; Сорокина, Т. П.; Talsi, V. P.; Likholobov, V. A.

doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2012.01.014

Cited by 51 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In combination with the Mg/Al molar ratio and Lewis acidity (Table 2), it was not hard to find that the reduced Lewis acidity of Zn/Mg 4.0 Al 2 O 3 additive was not effective for adsorbing and cracking aromatic sulfur species. However, the rich basic sites were effective for absorbing aliphatic sulfur compounds especially the mercaptans which had a nature of acid and providing enough hydrogen to crack them [11,30]. Therefore, the reduction of sulfur species in gasoline using Zn-Mg-Al type additive was attributed to the synergistic effect of LAS and basic sites on the additive [11,12,27].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of magnesium of Zn–Mg–Al additives on catalytic cracking of VGO and in situ reduction of sulfur in gasoline

Feng

Al‐Megren

et al. 2014

Appl Petrochem Res

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The scope of the present study is to describe the cracking behavior of hydrocarbons and the reduction of sulfur in gasoline in fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) process using Zn-Mg-Al additives with varying the Mg/Al molar ratios. Experiments have been carried out on a microactivity-test (MAT) reactor using high-sulfur vacuum gas oil (VGO) feed and zinc impregnated Mg-Al spinels as additive and the commercial cracking catalyst. It was found that Zn-Mg-Al additives exhibited enhanced Lewis acidity compared with the corresponding Zn-free Mg-Al spinels. The MAT results indicated that the addition of additives reduced the yields of liquid petroleum gas and coke at low Mg contents but increased the coke yield at high Mg contents. Overall, the additives improved the yields of gasoline and diesel. It has also been shown that the rich Lewis acidity had a positive effect on the conversion of aromatic sulfur species of gasoline and the maximum reduction of gasoline sulfur was achieved with Zn/ Mg 4.0 Al 2 O 3 due to the synergistic effect of basicity and Lewis acidity.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of magnesium of Zn–Mg–Al additives on catalytic cracking of VGO and in situ reduction of sulfur in gasoline

Feng

Al‐Megren

et al. 2014

Appl Petrochem Res

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“…Such interaction should make the adsorption of a sulfur containing compound on an additive active site stronger, but the effect acidity has on the direction of further conver sion was not studied in detail. In studies performed at the Institute if Hydrocarbon Processing [8,9], it was established that the activity of the catalyst in hydrogen transfer reactions is a crucial factor for reducing the content of sulfur in a cracking gasoline. Mixed magne siumaluminum and zincmagnesiumaluminum oxides modified with Y and ZSM 5 zeolites or their mixtures were proposed as additives.…”

Section: Cracking Catalyst Additives That Reduce the Content Of Sulfumentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first approach allows the content of sulfur in a gasoline to be reduced considerably by changing the composition of the cracked feedstock [8]. However, this cannot always be done at oil refineries because of the limited number of feedstocks with high contents of saturated (paraffin and aromatic) hydrocarbons that have high [H] donating ability.…”

Section: Cracking Catalyst Additives That Reduce the Content Of Sulfumentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In [8], it was shown that mixed spinel structured magnesiumaluminum oxides (including zinc modified oxides) are highly active in the hydrogen transfer reactions that occur during the conversion of a model feedstock. The activity of such additives rises along with the content of tetrahedrally coordinated aluminum (Al tetr ), which is a stronger acid than octahedrally coordinated aluminum (Al oct ).…”

Section: Cracking Catalyst Additives That Reduce the Content Of Sulfumentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The proce dure described in the literature for selecting one mod ifying component or another has yet to be fully sub stantiated. The authors of [8,9] based theirs on the assumption that sulfur organic compounds character ized by the properties of a Lewis base (an unshared electron pair on the sulfur atom) interact with the active sites of a Lewis acid additive. Such interaction should make the adsorption of a sulfur containing compound on an additive active site stronger, but the effect acidity has on the direction of further conver sion was not studied in detail.…”

Section: Cracking Catalyst Additives That Reduce the Content Of Sulfumentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advanced developments: Cracking catalysts and additives to them

et al. 2014

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This paper is devoted to the cooperative works of the Institute of Hydrocarbon Processing (Sibe rian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences) and JSC Gazprom Neft Omsk Refinery on the creation of cracking catalysts and additives to them with the purpose of increasing the yield of C 3 -C 4 olefins, reducing the concentration of sulfur compounds in the gasoline product, and ensuring the afterburning of CO during the regeneration of a catalyst. Bizeolite cracking catalysts, which give yields of C 3 -C 4 olefins of no less than 30 wt % and allow us to vary the composition and yield of target reaction products within wide ranges, are developed. Mixed oxides or modified Y and/or ZSM 5 zeolites are proposed as cracking catalyst additives that result in a 35% reduction in the concentration of sulfur compounds in gasoline (as compared to an equilibrium cata lyst). A manganese oxide based additive is proposed for the efficient afterburning of CO, and a pilot batch of this additive is produced by JSC Gazprom Neft Omsk Refinery and tested at an industrial plant. It is shown that the amount of manganese oxide based additive required to ensure a residual CO concentration of less than 20 ppm is 20% lower than for a platinum containing additive. The developed catalysts and additives to them can be synthesized on the basis of the catalysts produced at JSC Gazprom Neft Omsk Refinery.

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