Transformer mineral oil ingestion induces systemic sub-acute toxicity in Wistar rats

Otunga, Grace Nelima; Maiyoh, Geoffrey K.; Macharia, Benson; Tuei, Vivian C.

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02998

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…This lesion induced significant changes in body weight. To further investigate the “exceptional” lesion, we focused on the light liquid paraffin used as a vaccine solution additive, which is reported to exhibit toxicity in rodents 7 . Our additional testing showed that the injury of hematopoietic system led to the lesion, and that this was not caused by the light liquid paraffin alone, but by mixing other components such as DL-α-tocopherol acetate and surfactants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As only one vaccine in the TLT resulted in abnormal pathological findings, additional testing was conducted to confirm the cause of the lesion. We focused on light liquid paraffin as the cause of the lesion, as it is the main adjuvant compound known to exhibit toxicity in rodents 7 . We prepared four mixtures and the vaccine that caused the initial lesion, and set six treatment groups ( Table 3…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pathological analysis of batch safety testing of veterinary vaccines using small laboratory animals

et al. 2021

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Batch safety tests (BSTs) of veterinary vaccines are conducted using small laboratory animals to assure the safety of vaccines according to several criteria, including clinical signs and change in body weight. Although the latter is used as an evaluation index in BSTs, there have been no reports on the internal changes that affect body weight during the test period. Therefore, we analyzed BST via pathological examination of the tested animals. Here, BSTs were performed for 176 batches using mice and 126 batches using of guinea pigs. Most of the gross findings could be classified into four lesion types (nodules, adhesions, ascites, no apparent signs), with only one vaccine inducing lesions that could not be classified into any of these four types. Histopathological examination revealed that the reactions caused by BST were pyogenic and/or granulomatous inflammation. Nodular or adhesive lesions comprised more severe pyogenic granulomatous inflammation than ascites or cases with no apparent gross lesions. These nodular or adhesive lesions were more frequently induced by vaccines that contained an adjuvant than by vaccines that did not contain an adjuvant. The cases with “exceptional” gross findings histologically presented severe necrosis of the hematopoietic system. Additional testing showed that these “exceptional” lesions were induced when a specific type of light liquid paraffin was injected along with other vaccine additives. Our results show that body weight loss and/or lesions during BST were induced by proinflammatory properties of the tested vaccines and that BST is a sensitive method for detecting unexpected effects of vaccine components.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%