Transforming an Empire: The Ottoman Empire’s Immigration and Settlement Policies in the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries

Kale, Başak

doi:10.1080/00263206.2013.870894

Cited by 31 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…72 Moreover, the rapid demographic shifts stemming from the population transfers of the 1850s and 1860s-not to mention the loss of territory and a large Christian population as well as the resettlement of more Muslims as a result of the Eastern Crisis-made an Islamic Ottoman identity particularly attractive. 73 The importance of Islam to Ottoman identity and claims of sovereignty led to periodic shifts in policy-making and changing attitudes among Muslims in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Following the Berlin Congress, for example, the Ottoman cabinet briefly considered transferring the provinces' entire Muslim population to Albania, which echoed Safvet Paşa's proposal for Bulgarian Muslims at San Stefano.…”

Section: From Occupation To Administrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refugee return and state legitimization: Habsburgs, Ottomans, and the case of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 1875–1878

Manasek

2020

J Mod Eur Hist

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In the nineteenth century, refugee generation and other forms of ethnic cleansing were a new and central feature in the dismantling of European empires and nationalists’ efforts to territorialize popular sovereignty based on demographic homogeneity. With the 1878 Treaty of Berlin, Europe’s Great Powers sanctioned the territorial principle, but included minority protection clauses intended to maintain mixed populations. This article argues that these protection clauses enabled states to make sovereign claims based not only on population distribution as such, but on the ability to control population movement itself. In its effort to win international sanction—and even Ottoman support—to occupy and administer the Ottoman provinces of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Habsburg government based its arguments almost exclusively on its promised ability to repatriate refugees and manage long-term migration in the provinces. The article shows that states’ claims of power over refugee movement were an essential element of nineteenth-century European diplomacy and an indispensable tool of domestic policy. In the face of nation-state formation and an emerging ideal of demographic homogeneity, the ability to re-establish mixed populations asserted not only state power, but the legitimacy of an ‘imperial’ model of demographic heterogeneity.

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Section: From Occupation To Administrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refugee return and state legitimization: Habsburgs, Ottomans, and the case of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 1875–1878

Manasek

2020

J Mod Eur Hist

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“…Turkey's history of the migration is composed of intricate trends of migration patterns, which also transformed the role of Turkey in migration process (İçduygu and Aksel, 2012). Ottoman Empire as a predecessor of Republic of Turkey had huge geographical borders where was home of cohort of different nationals that made migration is crucial reality (Yildirim, 2007;Kale, 2014). In the early years of the republic, Turkey was both sending and receiving country bounded with international agreements related with exchange of population.…”

Section: Turkey and Migrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Türkiye'de Göç Üzerine Yapılmış Lisansüstü Tezler Üzerine Bir İnceleme: 1967-2018

Açıkalın¹,

Neyişçi

2020

OPUS Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi

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Scholars and practitioners in Turkey have showed visible interest to the notion of immigration within last years. As expected, number of academic works related with immigration has been increasing. In this respect, the aim of the study is to determine how the notion of migration has been studied in Turkey within the academic field, which disciplines are studied in which time period and at which level. In this research, qualitative research methods were used for document examination. In addition,

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“…The management of the population diversity has been a long‐standing discussion in Turkey and becoming a multi‐ethnic society has never been an official state goal (Karpat, ). Established after the dissolution of the multi‐ethnic, multi‐lingual and multi‐religious Ottoman Empire, the Republic of Turkey was founded as a nation‐state without the aim of emphasizing its societal ethnic, religious or sectarian diversity (Kale, ). At the government level, there was also an undeclared fear that a structured state supported integration policy would have undermined temporariness, which would in the long‐term encourage Syrians to stay in Turkey permanently.…”

Section: Syrian Refugee Protection and The Role Of Local Governments mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of GCR on Local Governments and Syrian Refugees in Turkey

Kale

Erdoğan

2019

International Migration

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In the last couple of years, more than 3.6 million Syrian refugees have been hosted under the “temporary protection” scheme in Turkey. Despite these high numbers Turkey did not have a centralized refugee settlement and integration policy. As a result, various stakeholders including local governments have played critical roles in providing refugee assistance services. This research looks at the role of local governments in delivering services evolving from emergency response to local integration. This article argues that this role with respect to the United Nations’ Global Compact on Refugees (GCR) has to be further strengthened. The data for this research were collected through a comprehensive study based on interviews and surveys carried out in İstanbul with local authorities, İstanbul Metropolitan Municipality, and its 39 district municipalities in 2016‐2017. Although this research has its focus on İstanbul as the selected case study, the findings can reveal conclusions relevant to global implications and perspectives.

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Transforming an Empire: The Ottoman Empire’s Immigration and Settlement Policies in the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries

Cited by 31 publications

References 0 publications

Refugee return and state legitimization: Habsburgs, Ottomans, and the case of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 1875–1878

Refugee return and state legitimization: Habsburgs, Ottomans, and the case of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 1875–1878

Türkiye'de Göç Üzerine Yapılmış Lisansüstü Tezler Üzerine Bir İnceleme: 1967-2018

The Impact of GCR on Local Governments and Syrian Refugees in Turkey

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