“…Positive impacts on psychosocial well-being lead to positive impacts on educational performance, participation in social life, and empowerment for decision making. In Kenya, Mozambique, and Zambia, orphans, other vulnerable children, and disabled benefi ciaries report that the cash transfers have boosted their self-confi dence, sense of dignity, ability to be more assertive, and expectation of future well-being (Attah et al 2016;Handa et al 2014aHanda et al , 2014bHaushofer and Shapiro 2013;Jones et al 2016;Seidenfeld, Handa, and Tembo 2013). However, social safety net programs can also be associated with stereotype threat or stigma because their benefi ciaries are labeled as extremely poor (Molyneux 2016).…”