Transforming growth factor-beta activated during exercise in brain depresses spontaneous motor activity of animals. Relevance to central fatigue

Inoue, Kazuo; Yamazaki, Hiroyuki; Manabe, Yasuko; Fukuda, Chiaki; Hanai, Kazuhiko; Fushiki, Tohru

doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(99)01966-6

Cited by 52 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In previous studies, we have demonstrated that physical exercise causes an increase in TGF-␤3 levels in the mouse brain and that intracranial TGF-␤3 injection induces the suppression of spontaneous motor activity (19,20). These studies indicated that TGF-␤3 may be associated with the induction of central fatigue during exercise.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…In this study, we used TGF-␤3 to represent the TGF-␤ isoforms for the following reasons. We have found that TGF-␤2 and TGF-␤3 suppress spontaneous motor activity equally, and a considerably higher dose of TGF-␤1 is required to exert a suppressive effect equal to that required for either TGF-␤2 or TGF-␤3 (20). TGF-␤2 and TGF-␤3 are ubiquitously abundant in the rat brain (36), and we have confirmed that TGF-␤1 and TGF-␤2 levels do not change in the brain, even when total TGF-␤ levels increase (unpublished data).…”

mentioning

confidence: 88%

“…The substance that regulates the urge for motion in response to exercise exhaustion was identified as transforming growth factor-␤ (TGF-␤) (23,24). Growing evidence indicates that accumulation of the active forms of TGF-␤2 and/or TGF-␤3 in the brain is involved in the fatigue induced by exercise (19,20,23).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We have reported that the intracranial administration of TGF-␤3 suppresses spontaneous motor activity in mice without substantial exercise loading (20) and may affect peripheral energy metabolism. The TGF-␤s represent a multifunctional family of cytokines with three closely related isoforms: TGF-␤1, TGF-␤2, and TGF-␤3.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intracranial administration of transforming growth factor-β3 increases fat oxidation in rats

Yamazaki

Arai

Matsumura

et al. 2002

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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Yamazaki, Hanae, Masanao Arai, Shigenobu Matsumura, Kazuo Inoue, and Tohru Fushiki. Intracranial administration of transforming growth factor-␤3 increases fat oxidation in rats. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 283: E536-E544, 2002. First published May 28, 2002 10.1152/ ajpendo.00094.2001.-The effects of intracranial transforming growth factor (TGF)-␤3 on spontaneous motor activity and energy metabolism were examined in rats. After injection of TGF-␤3 into the cisterna magna of the rat, spontaneous motor activity decreased significantly for 1 h. The intracranial injection of TGF-␤3 produced an immediate decrease in respiratory exchange ratio (RER). No significant changes were observed in energy expenditure. TGF-␤3 induced a significant increase in total fat oxidation and a decrease in total carbohydrate oxidation. Furthermore, the serum substrates associated with fat metabolism were significantly altered in rats injected with TGF-␤3. Both lipoprotein lipase activity in skeletal muscle and the concentration of serum ketone bodies increased, suggesting that the increase in fat oxidation caused by TGF-␤3 may have occurred in the liver and muscle. Intracranial injection of TGF-␤3 appeared to evoke a switch in the energy substrates accessed in energy expenditure. These results suggest that the release of TGF-␤3 in the brain by exercise is a signal for regulating energy consumption. spontaneous motor activity; respiratory exchange ratio; energy metabolism WE HAVE PREVIOUSLY REPORTED that intracranial administration of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from exerciseexhausted rats produced a decrease in spontaneous motor activity, whereas CSF from sedentary rats had no such effect (19).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

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confidence: 88%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Intracranial administration of transforming growth factor-β3 increases fat oxidation in rats

Yamazaki

Arai

Matsumura

et al. 2002

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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“…And the TGF-β acted on the brain and modulated activities of neurons; this changed whole-body metabolism to utilize more fat and enhanced the oxidation of fatty acid 34,35 . In this study, the amount of TG variation before and after exercise in the Pla group was substantially lower than in the CLA group, whereas there was no significant difference in the amount of TG and NEFA variation between the two groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%