Transforming growth factor β from multiple myeloma cells inhibits proliferation and IL-2 responsiveness in T lymphocytes

Laboratory Characterizations on 2007 Cases of Monoclonal Gammopathies in East China

“…TGFβ1 stimulates IL-6 transcripts in a time-and dosedependent manner in the in vitro study (28). Some studies revealed that a strong correlation was found between TGFβ1 serum levels and immunoparesis in MM patients (5,29). Levels of TGFβ1 were correlated with the phase and stage of the diseases as well as the most important clinical and laboratory parameters associated with diseases activity.…”

Human myeloma cells stimulate the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) in T lymphocytes: a potential role in multiple myeloma bone disease

“…28 The decrease in IFN-␥ levels observed in our cocultures could be due to the production of immunosuppressive factors by myeloma cells such as transforming growth factor ␤ (TGF-␤). It has been demonstrated that TGF-␤ from MM cells inhibits proliferation and IL-2 responsiveness in T lymphocytes, 29 and it is known that TGF-␤ suppresses IFN-␥ production in human T lymphocytes. [30][31][32] On the other hand, it is unlikely that IL-7 produced by HMCLs could affect IFN-␥ production by T cells in our coculture.…”

The role of bone morphogenetic proteins in myeloma cell survival

“…ALK5 (TGFBR1) is expressed in myeloma cells and is capable of being activated in response to TGF-β. [39] Both myeloma cell lines and primary cells were shown to express TGF-β mRNA and active protein, [40,41] however it was also reported that myeloma cells do not produce active TGF- Expression of the other type 3 receptor, endoglin, is induced by TGF-β and hypoxia, [44,45] and increased levels of soluble endoglin in myeloma patients were associated with advanced disease and tumor growth. [46,47] Membrane-bound endoglin is found on some myeloma cell lines, but lack on others.…”