Transforming growth factor–β1 variant Leu10Pro is associated with both lack of microfilariae and differential microfilarial loads in the blood of persons infected with lymphatic filariasis

Debrah, Alexander Yaw; Batsa, Linda; Albers, Anna; Mand, Sabine; Toliat, Mohammad Reza; Nürnberg, Peter; Adjei, Ohene; Hoerauf, Achim; Pfarr, Kenneth

doi:10.1016/j.humimm.2011.07.305

Cited by 23 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…invasion, along with associated pathological changes, need further investigation. Nevertheless, the TGF-␤1 Leu10Pro variant has been highlighted as being significantly associated with microfilaria loads in human lymphatic filariasis disease (83), but whether this has a role in toxocariasis disease severity is not known.…”

Section: Types Of Human Toxocariasis and Immunopathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerebral Toxocariasis: Silent Progression to Neurodegenerative Disorders?

et al. 2015

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SUMMARY Toxocara canis and T. cati are highly prevalent nematode infections of the intestines of dogs and cats. In paratenic hosts, larvae do not mature in the intestine but instead migrate through the somatic tissues and organs of the body. The presence of these migrating larvae can contribute to pathology. Toxocara larvae can invade the brains of humans, and while case descriptions of cerebral toxocariasis are historically rare, improved diagnosis and greater awareness have contributed to increased detection. Despite this, cerebral or neurological toxocariasis (NT) remains a poorly understood phenomenon. Furthermore, our understanding of cognitive deficits due to toxocariasis in human populations remains particularly deficient. Recent data describe an enhanced expression of biomarkers associated with brain injury, such as GFAP, AβPP, transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), NF-L, S100B, tTG, and p-tau, in mice receiving even low doses of Toxocara ova. Finally, this review outlines a hypothesis to explore the relationship between the presence of T. canis larvae in the brain and the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) due to enhanced AD-associated neurodegenerative biomarker expression.

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Section: Types Of Human Toxocariasis and Immunopathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerebral Toxocariasis: Silent Progression to Neurodegenerative Disorders?

et al. 2015

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“…TGF-b1 activities and its signaling pathway is usually inactivated by mutation or altered expression of its components. 24 Gene polymorphisms can affect the function and production of cytokine production or function, which may influence the genetic predisposition to various diseases. It is also reported that TGF-b1 polymorphisms are associated with atherosclerosis, hypertension, endothelial function and serum TGF-b1 levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of transforming growth factor-β1 polymorphisms with the risk of chronic kidney diseases

2015

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The association of transforming growth factor-b1 (TGF-b1) polymorphisms with the risk of chronic kidney diseases (CKD) remains elusive. We aimed to perform a meta-analysis to evaluate the relationship between TGF-b1 polymorphisms and the susceptibility to CKD. Association studies were searched according to a defined criteria using electronic databases. The strength of association between TGF-b1 polymorphisms and CKD risk was evaluated by odds ratio (OR) with the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI). Nine case-control studies were identified. T allele at the +869 T/C polymorphism was associated with a lower risk of CKD in Asians (p ¼ 0.003). TT genotype at the +869 T/C polymorphism was associated with a lower risk of CKD in overall populations and Asians (p ¼ 0.007 and 510 À4

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“…Thus, the factor(s) responsible for eliciting the degree of clinical disease and pathology remain a matter of debate. However, the general consensus deems that alongside genetic traits these overt reactions are related to the intensity of the host's responses to dead or dying worms [1], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14] which are then possibly enhanced by stronger reactions to unrelated stimuli or secondary infections. In addition, the release of the bacterial endosymbiont Wolbachia from moribund larvae or adult worms may also be a factor especially since they trigger innate and Th1/Th17 adaptive responses [15], [16], [17], [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elevated Adaptive Immune Responses Are Associated with Latent Infections of Wuchereria bancrofti

et al. 2012

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In order to guarantee the fulfillment of their complex lifecycle, adult filarial nematodes release millions of microfilariae (MF), which are taken up by mosquito vectors. The current strategy to eliminate lymphatic filariasis as a public health problem focuses upon interrupting this transmission through annual mass drug administration (MDA). It remains unclear however, how many rounds of MDA are required to achieve low enough levels of MF to cease transmission. Interestingly, with the development of further diagnostic tools a relatively neglected cohort of asymptomatic (non-lymphedema) amicrofilaremic (latent) individuals has become apparent. Indeed, epidemiological studies have suggested that there are equal numbers of patent (MF + ) and latent individuals. Since the latter represent a roadblock for transmission, we studied differences in immune responses of infected asymptomatic male individuals (n = 159) presenting either patent (n = 92 MF + ) or latent (n = 67 MF − ) manifestations of Wuchereria bancrofti . These individuals were selected on the basis of MF, circulating filarial antigen in plasma and detectable worm nests. Immunological profiles of either Th1/Th17, Th2, regulatory or innate responses were determined after stimulation of freshly isolated PBMCs with either filarial-specific extract or bystander stimuli. In addition, levels of total and filarial-specific antibodies, both IgG subclasses and IgE, were ascertained from plasma. Results from these individuals were compared with those from 22 healthy volunteers from the same endemic area. Interestingly, we observed that in contrast to MF + patients, latent infected individuals had lower numbers of worm nests and increased adaptive immune responses including antigen-specific IL-5. These data highlight the immunosuppressive status of MF + individuals, regardless of age or clinical hydrocele and reveal immunological profiles associated with latency and immune-mediated suppression of parasite transmission.

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Transforming growth factor–β1 variant Leu10Pro is associated with both lack of microfilariae and differential microfilarial loads in the blood of persons infected with lymphatic filariasis

Cited by 23 publications

References 43 publications

Cerebral Toxocariasis: Silent Progression to Neurodegenerative Disorders?

Cerebral Toxocariasis: Silent Progression to Neurodegenerative Disorders?

Association of transforming growth factor-β1 polymorphisms with the risk of chronic kidney diseases

Elevated Adaptive Immune Responses Are Associated with Latent Infections of Wuchereria bancrofti

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