Transforming time into money using water: A participatory study of economics and gender in rural India

James, A.J.; Verhagen, Joep; Wijk, Christine van; Nanavaty, Reema; Parikh, Mita; Bhatt, Mihir

doi:10.1111/0165-0203.00022

Cited by 25 publications

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“…Control by others of one's time is unlikely to lead to full control over achieving own goals. In their study in rural India, James et al (2002), showed how women participants' increased control over own time enhanced their empowerment because women decided to get involved in revenue-generating activities that strengthened their intra-household decision-making and status.…”

Section: Dimensions Of Empowerment In the Welimentioning

confidence: 99%

The Women’s Empowerment in Livestock Index

et al. 2018

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The empowerment of women in the livestock sector is fundamental to achieve gender equality. It also is instrumental for increased household productivity and improved household health and nutrition. Diverse strategies exist to empower women, yet these strategies are difficult to prioritize without a reliable and adapted means to measure women's empowerment. One quantitative measure is the Women's Empowerment in Agriculture Index (WEAI). Despite its reliability in certain agricultural contexts, the WEAI requires adaptation in settings where livestock farming is the dominant form of livelihood. Using the WEAI as a starting point, a multidisciplinary team of researchers developed the Women's Empowerment in Livestock Index (WELI), a new index to assess the empowerment of women in the livestock sector. This paper presents the WELI and the dimensions of empowerment it includes: (1) decisions about agricultural production; (2) decisions related to nutrition; (3) access to and control over resources; (4) control and use of income; (5) access to and control of opportunities; and (6) workload and control over own time. The paper illustrates the use of the WELI by introducing pilot findings from dairy smallholders in four districts of northern Tanzania. The paper addresses considerations for the appropriate use and adaptation of the WELI to balance the needs for context specificity and crosscultural comparisons; it also discusses its limitations. The paper recommends participatory and qualitative methods that are complementary to the WELI to provide context-specific insights on the processes of women's empowerment in the livestock sector.

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Section: Dimensions Of Empowerment In the Welimentioning

confidence: 99%

The Women’s Empowerment in Livestock Index

et al. 2018

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“…An additional programme of support for the women to develop handicrafts addressed the usual constraints to taking up new enterprises-lack of funds and poor access to credit. 40 Clearly, time saved in water carrying does not generally result in women being less productive. 12 Only the nature of the tasks change.…”

Section: Releasing Time To Earn An Incomementioning

confidence: 99%

Women in water supply, sanitation and hygiene programmes

Fisher

2008

Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Municipal E

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“…In addition, similarly to other countries, poor WSS mostly affects the most vulnerable. Water fetching in India is essentially a task for women and children, with according to some estimates three times as many women as men fetching water (James et al (2002)). In terms of health burden, diarrhea claims 10% of all deaths amongst women, compared to 7% of men in -2003in India (Office of Registrar General, 2004.…”

Section: Water Supply and Sanitation In India And Its Health Burdenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health Insurance and Health Environment: India's Subsidized Health Insurance in a Context of Limited Water and Sanitation Services

McBain

2014

SSRN Journal

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Terms of use: Documents in AbstractRecently, many emerging countries have established subsidized health insurance schemes to provide financial protection and support access to health care to poor households. The challenge to ensure the long term sustainability of such schemes is huge. In this paper, the impact of the health environment on the long term sustainability of a health insurance is explored, focusing on water and sanitation. India offers an interesting case to explore this question. Indeed, since 2008 India launched a fully subsidized health insurance Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana (RSBY) in a context where 56% of its population does not have access to safe sanitation and 8% do not have access to safe water (JMP, 2012). A framework is proposed linking water supply and sanitation; health status of the insured population; health insurance and the productivity of households. Next, based on a literature review, the outcomes of investments in water and sanitation and health insurance are reviewed and the potential synergies and trade-offs of combing these investments are explored. In a last section, the case of India is analysed in detail, with international comparisons and further research lines are proposed.

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Transforming time into money using water: A participatory study of economics and gender in rural India

Cited by 25 publications

References 0 publications

The Women’s Empowerment in Livestock Index

The Women’s Empowerment in Livestock Index

Women in water supply, sanitation and hygiene programmes

Health Insurance and Health Environment: India's Subsidized Health Insurance in a Context of Limited Water and Sanitation Services

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