“…Several ECE researchers have taken up this thinking to understand dialogues – as utterance – in the early years. Viewed as observable (Lawrence, 2019), multi-perspective (Lang and Shelley, 2021), carnivalesque (Jennings-Tallant, 2020; White, 2014), generative (Odegaard, 2021), memory-enhancing (Kullenberg, 2019), participatory and democratic (Cao, 2020; Lensmire and White, 2017; Rosen, 2015), the deployment of utterance as a unit of analysis has yielded many speculative insights concerning strategic child communication in ECE contexts. While each implicates adults as interpretive and fully implicated dialogue partners, less attention is granted to ‘the apperceptive background of the addressee’s perception’ (Bakhtin, 1986: 95) which takes into account aspects of familiarity, valued modes of communication in culture, views, sympathies, prejudices, assumptions and values – all of which orient the way meanings can be perceived and responded to over time.…”