Transgender Adults' Public Bathroom-Related Stressors and Their Association with Depressive Symptoms: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study in South Korea

Health of Korean sexual and gender minorities: a narrative review of quantitative studies

“…Those who encountered such discrimination were more likely to avoid or postpone seeking GAC or other healthcare services [42,43]. Among TGD individuals, higher levels of internalized transphobia, stress associated with using public bathrooms, experiences of gender identity change efforts, and discrimination based on gender identity were associated with greater depression [44][45][46][47]. Higher levels of internalized transphobia and experiences of gender identity change efforts were linked to increased suicidal ideation and attempts [44,45].…”

Public Restroom Access and Mental Health Among Gender-Minoritized Individuals in China

“…1,2 In particular, structural barriers transgender individuals face have manifested in sex-segregated public facilities, especially in public restrooms. 3,4 Previous research revealed that transgender individuals whose appearance is incongruent with the ideal gender appearance often experience verbal, physical, and sexual harassment in public restrooms, 3 leading to severe physical and mental health conditions. 4 This marks the largest nationwide survey conducted in mainland China to explore public restroom accessibility and its impact on the mental health of the transgender population.…”

“…3,4 Previous research revealed that transgender individuals whose appearance is incongruent with the ideal gender appearance often experience verbal, physical, and sexual harassment in public restrooms, 3 leading to severe physical and mental health conditions. 4 This marks the largest nationwide survey conducted in mainland China to explore public restroom accessibility and its impact on the mental health of the transgender population. Our objectives were 3-fold: (1) assess the adequacy of gender-neutral public restrooms for the transgender population, (2) explore the potential heterogeneity in restroom discrimination and mental health outcomes across transgender subgroups, and (3) examine the association of public restroom-related stress with mental health.…”

“… 3 , 4 Previous research revealed that transgender individuals whose appearance is incongruent with the ideal gender appearance often experience verbal, physical, and sexual harassment in public restrooms, 3 leading to severe physical and mental health conditions. 4 …”