Objective
There is increasing attention to diversity in psychiatric services and a widespread recognition of the mental health implications of stigma for gender and sexual minority individuals. However, these areas remain markedly underdeveloped in the area of severe mental illness. This review is intended to map out the existing base of knowledge in this area to help inform future research, practice, and policy directions.
Method
A review of the literature was conducted to answer the question, ‘What factors and strategies need to be considered when developing services for sexual and gender minority individuals experiencing severe mental illness?’ A comprehensive search of MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar was completed using Arksey and O'Malley's methodological framework for scoping reviews.
Results
A total of 27 publications were identified in this review. Mental health services research revealed generally lower levels of service satisfaction among lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and transsexual (LGBT) individuals and minimal evidence for specific interventions. Descriptive research suggested an increased risk for severe mental illness among LGBT populations, an association between risk and discrimination, and the potential benefit of cultivating spaces where individuals can be ‘out’ in all aspects of themselves.
Conclusions
There is a pressing need for research into interventions for LGBT populations with severe mental illness as well as descriptive studies to inform efforts to reduce illness morbidity linked to discrimination.