Transgenerational transfer of the microbiome is altered by ocean acidification in oyster larvae

Scanes, Elliot; Ross, Philip E.; Seymour, Justin R.; Siboni, Nachshon; Dove, Michael; O’Connor, Wayne A.; Dittes, Callum; Parker, Laura M.

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2022.739153

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 48 publications

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“…Another possibility is that because the microbiome of oyster spat is less established, it is also less specialized, and hence, more resilient to changes in acidity compared to adults. Although there can be transgenerational effects that increase the resilience of oysters to acidification (Lim et al 2021b;Scanes et al 2023), this was not a factor in our study, as the broodstock was not exposed to high CO2 conditions. It is possible that longer exposure of the spat may have resulted in a pCO2 effect on the microbiome, but intuitively the effects of changes in acidity would be expected to be manifested fairly quickly; moreover, we are unaware of studies showing that changes in acidification do not affect the composition of the oyster microbiome on the short-term, but affect the microbiome on longer time scales.…”

Section: Resilience Of M Gigas Spat Microbiome To Acidificationmentioning

confidence: 96%

The Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Microbiome of Pacific Oyster Spat is Shaped by Ocean Warming but not Acidification

Zhong

Chan

Collicutt³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Pacific oysters (Magallana gigas, also known as Crassostrea gigas), the most widely farmed oysters, are under threat from climate change and emerging pathogens. In part, their resilience may be affected by their microbiome, which, in turn, may be influenced by ocean warming and acidification. Consequently, for three weeks, we exposed early-development Pacific oyster spat to different temperatures (18 and 24 °C) and pCO2 levels (800, 1600 and 2800 μatm) in a fully crossed design. Under all conditions, the microbiome developed over time, with potentially pathogenic ciliates (Uronema marinum) greatly reduced in all treatments, suggesting that the spat's microbiome undergoes adaptive shifts as the oysters age. The microbiome composition also differed significantly with temperature, but not acidification, indicating that M. gigas spat microbiomes can be altered by ocean warming but resilient to ocean acidification in our experiments. These findings highlight the spat microbiome′s flexibility to environmental changes as well as its ″protective″ capability against potentially pathogenic microbes.

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Section: Resilience Of M Gigas Spat Microbiome To Acidificationmentioning

confidence: 96%

The Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Microbiome of Pacific Oyster Spat is Shaped by Ocean Warming but not Acidification

Zhong

Chan

Collicutt³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbiome of Pacific oyster spat is shaped by ocean warming but not acidification

Zhong,

Chan,

Collicutt

et al. 2024

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Pacific oysters ( Magallana gigas, a.k.a. Crassostrea gigas ), the most widely farmed oysters, are under threat from climate change and emerging pathogens. In part, their resilience may be affected by their microbiome, which, in turn, may be influenced by ocean warming and acidification. To understand these impacts, we exposed early-development Pacific oyster spat to different temperatures (18°C and 24°C) and p CO 2 levels (800, 1,600, and 2,800 µatm) in a fully crossed design for 3 weeks. Under all conditions, the microbiome changed over time, with a large decrease in the relative abundance of potentially pathogenic ciliates ( Uronema marinum ) in all treatments with time. The microbiome composition differed significantly with temperature, but not acidification, indicating that Pacific oyster spat microbiomes can be altered by ocean warming but is resilient to ocean acidification in our experiments. Microbial taxa differed in relative abundance with temperature, implying different adaptive strategies and ecological specializations among microorganisms. Additionally, a small proportion (~0.2% of the total taxa) of the relatively abundant microbial taxa were core constituents (>50% occurrence among samples) across different temperatures, p CO 2 levels, or time. Some taxa, including A4b bacteria and members of the family Saprospiraceae in the phyla Chloroflexi (syn. Chloroflexota ) and Bacteroidetes (syn. Bacteroidota ), respectively, as well as protists in the genera Labyrinthula and Aplanochytrium in the class Labyrinthulomycetes , and Pseudoperkinsus tapetis in the class Ichthyosporea were core constituents across temperatures, p CO 2 levels, and time, suggesting that they play an important, albeit unknown, role in maintaining the structural and functional stability of the Pacific oyster spat microbiome in response to ocean warming and acidification. These findings highlight the flexibility of the spat microbiome to environmental changes. IMPORTANCE Pacific oysters are the most economically important and widely farmed species of oyster, and their production depends on healthy oyster spat. In turn, spat health and productivity are affected by the associated microbiota; yet, studies have not scrutinized the effects of temperature and p CO 2 on the prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbiomes of spat. Here, we show that both the prokaryotic and, for the first time, eukaryotic microbiome of Pacific oyster spat are surprisingly resilient to changes in acidification, but sensitive to ocean warming. The findings have potential implications for oyster survival amid climate change and underscore the need to understand temperature and p CO 2 effects on the microbiome and the cascading effects on oyster health and productivity.

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Host-associated microbes mitigate the negative impacts of aquatic pollution

Diner,

Allard,

Gilbert

2024

mSystems

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Pollution can negatively impact aquatic ecosystems, aquaculture operations, and recreational water quality. Many aquatic microbes can sequester or degrade pollutants and have been utilized for bioremediation. While planktonic and benthic microbes are well-studied, host-associated microbes likely play an important role in mitigating the negative impacts of aquatic pollution and represent an unrealized source of microbial potential. For example, aquatic organisms that thrive in highly polluted environments or concentrate pollutants may have microbiomes adapted to these selective pressures. Understanding microbe–pollutant interactions in sensitive and valuable species could help protect human well-being and improve ecosystem resilience. Investigating these interactions using appropriate experimental systems and overcoming methodological challenges will present novel opportunities to protect and improve aquatic systems. In this perspective, we review examples of how microbes could mitigate negative impacts of aquatic pollution, outline target study systems, discuss challenges of advancing this field, and outline implications in the face of global changes.

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Transgenerational transfer of the microbiome is altered by ocean acidification in oyster larvae

Cited by 3 publications

References 48 publications

The Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Microbiome of Pacific Oyster Spat is Shaped by Ocean Warming but not Acidification

The Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Microbiome of Pacific Oyster Spat is Shaped by Ocean Warming but not Acidification

The prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbiome of Pacific oyster spat is shaped by ocean warming but not acidification

Host-associated microbes mitigate the negative impacts of aquatic pollution

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