Transgenic plants as protein factories

Giddings, G. D.

doi:10.1016/s0958-1669(00)00244-5

Cited by 160 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…"Molecular pharming" [79,135,[203][204][205][206][207][208][209][210][211][212][213][214][215] utilizes transgenic plants and animals to produce pharmaceuticals for use in human beings, chemicals for industrial purposes, and other compounds that are not intended to enter food and feed supplies [216]. The transgenic organisms have been genetically altered by the insertion of foreign genes, which, when expressed, enable the organisms to synthesize pharmaceuticals and other compounds in their tissues.…”

Section: Risks and Benefits Of "Molecular Pharming"mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fate and Effects in Soil of Cry Proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis: Influence of Physicochemical and Biological Characteristics of Soil

Saxena¹,

Pushalkar

Stotzky³

2013

TOTNJ

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Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a useful alternative or supplement to synthetic chemical pesticides in agriculture, forest management, and control of mosquitoes and some other biting insects. When modified Bt cry genes are inserted into a plant species (e.g., corn, cotton, potato, canola, rice), the plant expresses active larvicidal proteins in its tissues. The toxins continue to be synthesized during growth of the plants, making the plant toxic to various insect pests throughout their life or as biomass incorporated into soil. If production exceeds consumption, inactivation, and degradation, the toxins could accumulate to concentrations that may enhance the control of target pests or constitute a hazard to nontarget organisms, such as the soil microbiota, beneficial insects (e.g., pollinators, predators and parasites of insect pests), and other animal classes. The accumulation and persistence of the toxins could also result in the selection and enrichment of toxin-resistant target insects. Persistence is enhanced when the toxins are bound on surface-active particles in the environment (e.g., clays and humic substances) and, thereby, rendered more resistant to biodegradation while retaining toxic activity. Moreover, major problem we face today is of "Molecular pharming" that utilizes transgenic plants and animals for production of pharmaceuticals and chemicals for their use in human beings and industries respectively. Their release to the environment, especially to soil and potentially to waters of the pharmaceutical and industrial products of transgenic plant and animal "pharms" could pose a hazard to the environment. In contrast to the products of most transgenic plants currently available commercially (e.g., the insecticidal proteins from subspecies of Bt) that primarily target insects and other pests. These "pharms" are being genetically engineered to express products for use primarily in human beings. Consequently, these products constitute a class of compounds that is seldom found in natural habitats and that primarily target "higher level" eukaryotes. Hence, they are xenobiotics with respect to the environment, and their persistence in and effects on the environment have not been adequately studied and sober risk assessments on a case-bycase basis must be made before major releases of such transgenic organisms.

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Section: Risks and Benefits Of "Molecular Pharming"mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fate and Effects in Soil of Cry Proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis: Influence of Physicochemical and Biological Characteristics of Soil

Saxena¹,

Pushalkar

Stotzky³

2013

TOTNJ

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“…[17][18][19] The cost of producing a recombinant protein in transgenic plants as compared to E. coli or other expression hosts could be 10-50 fold lower depending on the plant strain used. 20 There are many examples of recombinant proteins manufactured in plants which are being used as effective vaccines for diseases such as influenza, anthrax, and plague. 21,22,24,28 However, heterologous protein expression in plants does face many hurdles that must be overcome.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression, purification, and characterization of theNecator americanusaspartic protease-1 (Na-APR-1 (M74)) antigen, a component of the bivalent human hookworm vaccine

Seid¹,

Curti²,

Jones

et al. 2015

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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“…The term molecular farming (or pharming) involves the use of genetically engineered plants to produce pharmaceuticals that can be used for diagnostic, therapeutic and prophylactic applications (40). Plants producers of recombinant proteins for human needs application offer several advantages over bacteria, animal and human cell cultures and yeasts as sources of recombinant proteins: 1) low-cost (19,23); 2) safety from human pathogens and endotoxins (13); 3) scalability (55); 4) usually does not require downstream processing (41); 5) ability to fold and assemble complex animal and human proteins correctly unlike bacteria (59,66).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of The Human Acidic Fibroblast Growth Factor in Transgenic Tomato and Safety Assessment of Transgenic Lines

Stoykova

Radkova

Stoeva-Popova

et al. 2011

Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment

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Transgenic plants as protein factories

Cited by 160 publications

References 48 publications

Fate and Effects in Soil of Cry Proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis: Influence of Physicochemical and Biological Characteristics of Soil

Fate and Effects in Soil of Cry Proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis: Influence of Physicochemical and Biological Characteristics of Soil

Expression, purification, and characterization of theNecator americanusaspartic protease-1 (Na-APR-1 (M74)) antigen, a component of the bivalent human hookworm vaccine

Expression of The Human Acidic Fibroblast Growth Factor in Transgenic Tomato and Safety Assessment of Transgenic Lines

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