Transgenic rice evaluated for risks to marketability

Mulvaney, Dustin; Krupnik, Timothy J.; Koffler, Kaden B

doi:10.3733/ca.e.v065n03p161

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Recently, rice production in California has included ‘specialty’ varieties of temperate japonica rice (referred to as ‘gourmet rice’ herein). Although gourmet rice varieties are brought in, control of imported and specialty seed stocks in California has been tightly regulated to prevent the accidental introduction and dissemination of wild or weedy rice [ 18 , 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Escape to Ferality: The Endoferal Origin of Weedy Rice from Crop Rice through De-Domestication

et al. 2016

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Domestication is the hallmark of evolution and civilization and harnesses biodiversity through selection for specific traits. In regions where domesticated lines are grown near wild relatives, congeneric sources of aggressive weedy genotypes cause major economic losses. Thus, the origins of weedy genotypes where no congeneric species occur raise questions regarding management effectiveness and evolutionary mechanisms responsible for weedy population success. Since eradication in the 1970s, California growers avoided weedy rice through continuous flood culture and zero-tolerance guidelines, preventing the import, presence, and movement of weedy seeds. In 2003, after decades of no reported presence in California, a weedy rice population was confirmed in dry-seeded fields. Our objectives were to identify the origins and establishment of this population and pinpoint possible phenotypes involved. We show that California weedy rice is derived from a different genetic source among a broad range of genome Oryzas and is most recently diverged from O. sativa temperate japonica cultivated in California. In contrast, other weedy rice ecotypes in North America (Southern US) originate from weedy genotypes from China near wild Oryza, and are derived through existing crop-wild relative crosses. Analyses of morphological data show that California weedy rice subgroups have phenotypes like medium-grain or gourmet cultivars, but have colored pericarp, seed shattering, and awns like wild relatives, suggesting that reversion to non-domestic or wild-like traits can occur following domestication, despite apparent fixation of domestication alleles. Additionally, these results indicate that preventive methods focused on incoming weed sources through contamination may miss burgeoning weedy genotypes that rapidly adapt, establish, and proliferate. Investigating the common and unique evolutionary mechanisms underlying global weed origins and subsequent interactions with crop relatives sheds light on how weeds evolve and addresses broader questions regarding the stability of selection during domestication and crop improvement.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Escape to Ferality: The Endoferal Origin of Weedy Rice from Crop Rice through De-Domestication

et al. 2016

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“…In general, growers have a vested interest in adopting technologies that can raise crop yields by reducing disease pressure or improving growth conditions, yet growers remain skeptical of genetic engineering innovations due to the uncertainty of consumer and market acceptance (Mulvaney et al 2011). On a global scale, however, transgenic crops are making an impact: in 2010, transgenic crops contributed an estimated $10.7 billion in direct global farm income, while providing a reduction of 86.2 million pounds (10.2%) of pesticide usage and proffering an associated 21.8% reduction in the environmental impact quotient, a "field value per hectare" metric that takes into account toxicity and environmental exposure data related to individual pesticides (James 2010).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Research and adoption of biotechnology strategies could improve California fruit and nut crops

Haroldsen¹,

Paulino²,

Chi-Ham³

et al. 2012

Cal Ag

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California's fruit and nut tree crops represent one-third of the state's cash farm receipts and 70% of U.S. fruit and nut production. Advances in crop biotechnology and genetic engineering could help protect these valuable crops from pests and diseases and improve productivity. However, due to the difficulty of genetically engineering woody tree crops, as well as intellectual property concerns, regulatory hurdles and public perceptions about genetic engineering, biotechnology has not gained a foothold in this area of agriculture. Our survey of published genetic engineering research and issued field trial permits between 2000 and 2011 revealed that citrus and grape are the focus of most current work, and that walnut -not the more widely planted almond -is the focus among nut crops. Matching publicly funded genetic engineering research projects to a survey of the industry's top needs, we found that far less than half of the funded research has focused on the top-identified pest and disease threats. The most promising genetic engineering technology for fruit and nut tree crops may be transgrafting, which could address consumer concerns and benefit growers.

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“…Even though transgenic herbicide-resistant rice would be beneficial and profitable to rice farmers, it is unlikely that any transgenic rice varieties will be commercialized soon. Consumer acceptance is a major constraint to transgenic rice production and commercialization [ 47 , 48 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field-Evolved ΔG210-ppo2 from Palmer Amaranth Confers Pre-emergence Tolerance to PPO-Inhibitors in Rice and Arabidopsis

Carvalho-Moore

Rangani

Langaro

et al. 2022

Genes

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Resistance to protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase (PPO)-inhibitors in Amaranthus palmeri and Amaranthus tuberculatus is mainly contributed by mutations in the PPO enzyme, which renders herbicide molecules ineffective. The deletion of glycine210 (ΔG210) is the most predominant PPO mutation. ΔG210-ppo2 is overexpressed in rice (Oryza sativa c. ‘Nipponbare’) and Arabidopsis thaliana (Col-0). A foliar assay was conducted on transgenic T1 rice plants with 2× dose of fomesafen (780 g ha−1), showing less injury than the non-transgenic (WT) plants. A soil-based assay conducted with T2 rice seeds confirmed tolerance to fomesafen applied pre-emergence. In agar medium, root growth of WT rice seedlings was inhibited >90% at 5 µM fomesafen, while root growth of T2 seedlings was inhibited by 50% at 45 µM fomesafen. The presence and expression of the transgene were confirmed in the T2 rice survivors of soil-applied fomesafen. A soil-based assay was also conducted with transgenic A. thaliana expressing ΔG210-ppo2 which confirmed tolerance to the pre-emergence application of fomesafen and saflufenacil. The expression of A. palmeri ΔG210-ppo2 successfully conferred tolerance to soil-applied fomesafen in rice and Arabidopsis. This mutant also confers cross-tolerance to saflufenacil in Arabidopsis. This trait could be introduced into high-value crops that lack chemical options for weed management.

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Transgenic rice evaluated for risks to marketability

Cited by 14 publications

References 14 publications

Escape to Ferality: The Endoferal Origin of Weedy Rice from Crop Rice through De-Domestication

Escape to Ferality: The Endoferal Origin of Weedy Rice from Crop Rice through De-Domestication

Research and adoption of biotechnology strategies could improve California fruit and nut crops

Field-Evolved ΔG210-ppo2 from Palmer Amaranth Confers Pre-emergence Tolerance to PPO-Inhibitors in Rice and Arabidopsis

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