Transglutaminase activity in the hematopoietic tissue of a crustacean, Pacifastacus leniusculus, importance in hemocyte homeostasis

Lin, Xionghui; Söderhäll, Kenneth; Söderhäll, Irene

doi:10.1186/1471-2172-9-58

Cited by 87 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…TGase activity is important for stabilizing the matrix, and ECM loosening is achieved through a decrease in extracellular transglutaminase activity (Lin et al, 2008a). When TGase activity was silenced in HPT tissue culture, cells migrated out of the tissue (Lin et al, 2008a).…”

Section: Molecular Regulation Of Hemocyte Synthesis Differentiation mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In comparison, the Pacifastacus transcriptome expressed several GATA factors, one of which was specifically similar to Srp. Previous studies have shown that GATA factors are involved in regulating the expression of the gene encoding the cross-linking enzyme transglutaminase (TGase) in hemocyte differentiation (Lin et al, 2008b). The main hemocyte lineages in P. leniusculus, SGCs and GCs, both express a Lz-like transcript (RUNX-family GenBank: CAD44570.1) required for proPO-expressing cells, such as Drosophila CCs and crayfish SGCs and GCs (Lebestky et al, 2000;Söderhäll et al, 2003b).…”

Section: Proteins In P Leniusculus Hematopoiesis -A Comparison With mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Crustacean hematopoiesis

Söderhäll

2016

Developmental & Comparative Immunology

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Crustacean hemocytes are important mediators of immune reactions, and the regulation of hemocyte homeostasis is of utmost importance for the health of these animals. This review discusses the current knowledge on the lineages, synthesis and differentiation of hemocytes in crustaceans. Hematopoietic tissues, their origins, and the regulation of hematopoiesis during molting, seasonal variation and infection are discussed. Furthermore, studies concerning the molecular regulation of hemocyte formation in crustaceans are also described, and the different lineages and their molecular markers are discussed and compared with several insect species. Signaling pathways and the regulation of hematopoiesis by transcription factors are typically conserved among these arthropods, whereas cytokines and growth factors are more variable and species specific. However, considering the great diversity among the crustaceans, one should be cautious in drawing general conclusions from studies of only a few species.2

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Section: Molecular Regulation Of Hemocyte Synthesis Differentiation mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Proteins In P Leniusculus Hematopoiesis -A Comparison With mentioning

confidence: 99%

Crustacean hematopoiesis

Söderhäll

2016

Developmental & Comparative Immunology

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168

138

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“…When crude Ast1 from plasma is added to cultured cells, proliferation and cell spreading (migration) are stimulated (5,10). When the ROS level was decreased by incubating the cells for 30 min with 10 M NAC, the APC and reHPT cells did not show any signs of spreading (spindle-shaped morphology) at 48 h compared with control cells and H 2 O 2 -treated cells (Fig.…”

Section: Ros Signaling Is Involved In New Hemocytementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This connective tissue serves as a structural support for the cells inside the tissue and provides a specific microenvironment for the regulation of the differentiating cells. Previously, we demonstrated the importance of extracellular transglutaminase (TGase) activity to control hematopoiesis through the interaction of hematopoietic cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM) to maintain the immature HPT cells inside the hematopoietic tissue (10). The importance of ECM proteins for hematopoiesis has been shown in Drosophila, where a Perlecan homolog, the heparin sulfate proteoglycan Terribly Reduced Optic (Trol), was identified as part of the ECM in the lymph gland (11).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…1 regulation of the balance between proliferation/differentiation and apoptosis (4). Furthermore, Ast1 manipulates the ECM structure through the regulation of extracellular TGase activity (10). Cell respiration leads to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and all cells have to maintain ROS at a harmless level to reduce the risk of oxidative stress, as high ROS levels are dangerous for cells (20).…”

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Reactive Oxygen Species Affect Transglutaminase Activity and Regulate Hematopoiesis in a Crustacean

Junkunlo

Söderhäll

et al. 2016

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS) serve as a prime signal in the commitment to hematopoiesis in both mammals and Drosophila. In this study, the potential function of ROS during hematopoiesis in the crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus was examined. The antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) was used to decrease ROS in both in vivo and in vitro experiments. An increase in ROS was observed in the anterior proliferation center (APC) after LPS injection. In the absence of NAC, the LPS-induced increase in ROS levels resulted in the rapid restoration of the circulating hemocyte number. In the presence of NAC, a delay in the recovery rate of the hemocyte number was observed. NAC treatment also blocked the spread of APC and other hematopoietic tissue (HPT) cells, maintaining these cells at an undifferentiated stage. Extracellular transglutaminase (TGase) has been shown previously to play a role in maintaining HPT cells in an undifferentiated form. In this study, we show that extracellular TGase activity increased when the ROS level in HPT or APC cells was reduced after NAC treatment. In addition, collagen, a major component of the extracellular matrix and a TGase substrate were co-localized on the HPT cell surface. Taken together, the results of this study show that ROS are involved in crayfish hematopoiesis, in which a low ROS level is required to maintain hematopoietic progenitor cells in the tissue and to reduce hemocyte release. The potential roles of TGase in this process are investigated and discussed.

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