Transgression, regression and fossil community succession

Rollins, Harold B.; Carothers, Marshall; Donahue, Jack

doi:10.1111/j.1502-3931.1979.tb00988.x

Cited by 56 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The upper parts of the facies contain abundant brachiopods including strophomenids, atrypids, chonetids, and spiriferids, and also crinoids, echinoids, bryozoans, ostracodes, trilobites, and pectinid bivalves. The increase in brachiopod diversity, apparent lack of storm event beds (at least in the lower part), and increased abundance and diversity of stenohaline fossil types as compared to the underlying facies suggest a relative rise in sea level (flooding surface) (Stevens, 1971;Bretzky and Lorenz, 1970;Rollins et al, 1979;Johnson, 1970). A Sequence stratigraphy, lower Muscatatuck Group 249 This facies contains a phosphatic grainstone or bone bed at the base grading upward to argillaceous wackestone and packstone (Fig.…”

Section: Lithofacies Stacking Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sequence stratigraphy of the lower part of the Muscatatuck Group (Middle Devonian) in southeastern Indiana

Leonard¹

1996

Paleozoic Sequence Stratigraphy; Views From the North American Craton

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Sequence stratigraphic concepts are applied to the Muscatatuck Group (Middle Devonian) in order to establish a temporal and spatial framework for these carbonates in southeastern Indiana. Eight major lithofacies (facies mosaics) are recognized and include: (1) a lower-energy, biostromal and shallow-marine facies; (2) a higher-energy, biostromal and skeletal shoaling facies; (3) a restricted marine or lagoonal facies; (4) a restricted (lagoonal) peloidal facies; (5) a skeletal and peloidal shoaling facies; (6) an upper intertidal-supratidal facies; (7) a shallow, open-marine facies; and (8) a deepermarine facies. At least three distinct genetic units, allo-units, are delineated in the lower part of the Muscatatuck Group (Jeffersonville Limestone and basal North Vernon Limestone) based on the vertical and lateral distribution of facies and parasequences. Each of the three allostratigraphic units, or allo-units, contains one or more parasequences, and are probably parasequence sets. The lowermost allo-unit is bound basally by a well-documented regional unconformity (sequence boundary) between the Middle Devonian Muscatatuck Group and Silurian rocks. The upper boundary is the marine flooding surface (and lower boundary) of the next allo-unit. This surface is represented by a brachiopod-dominated, restricted marine or lagoonal facies directly overlying a stromatoporoid-and coral-bearing higher-energy biostromal and shoaling facies in the southern part of the study area, and a skeletal and peloidal shoaling facies overlying a dolomitized lower-energy biostromal or shallow-marine facies in the north. The upper boundary of the second allo-unit is another marine flooding surface and the lower boundary of the uppermost allo-unit. The lower bounding surface of the uppermost allo-unit is represented by a shallow-marine facies abruptly overlying a restricted marine or lagoonal facies in the southern part of the study area, and overlying an intertidal-supratidal facies in the north. The basal surface of the uppermost allo-unit marks a change in the stacking patterns of facies and parasequences from progradational and shoaling upwards in the lower two allo-units, to aggradational or retrogradational in the upper allo-unit. This surface may be the boundary between two distinct depositional systems. The upper bounding surface for this allo-unit is problematic. Paleontologic evidence suggests that this surface, marking the boundary between the Jeffersonville and North Vernon Limestones, is an unconformity, although it is not regional in extent. This discordant surface does mark the boundary between two carbonate intervals with very different depositional styles; hence, this surface may be more significant in the sequence-stratigraphic hierarchy than a flooding surface or major flooding surface, and may represent a sequence boundary. The three allo-units

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Section: Lithofacies Stacking Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sequence stratigraphy of the lower part of the Muscatatuck Group (Middle Devonian) in southeastern Indiana

Leonard¹

1996

Paleozoic Sequence Stratigraphy; Views From the North American Craton

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“…This long-term, environmentally-controlled synecologic process is becoming known as community replacement (Hoffman & Narkiewicz 1977;M. E. Johnson 1977;Rollins et al 1979;Miller 1982), or the substitution of one community of organisms for another as the result of habitat changes in subevolutionary time. Community replacement yields faunal transition patterns from protected depositional settings where post-mortem transport and mixing are minimal (R. G. Johnson 1965;Warme 1969), especially those with moderate to fairly high and continu-Community replacement by reorganization.…”

Section: Two Models Of Benthic Community Replacementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paleoecology of benthic community replacement

Miller

1986

LET

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Miller, William, I11 1986 07 15: Paleoecology of benthic community replacement. Lethnio, Vol. 19, pp. The literature of community paleoecology is filled with examples in which long-term environmentally-controlled faunal transitions are misidentified as forms of ecologic succession. This has obscured a fundamental community-level processcommunity replacementinvolving gradual to abrupt substitution of one benthic community for another as a result of subtle to sharp changes in habitats over subevolutionary time. In gradually changing environments, replacement takes place through conformational reorganization of species-abundance distributions within established communities, yielding sequences of slightly different fossil associations. Environments that change very rapidly and drastically feature a different type of community replacement involving species turnover, wherein environmental tolerance limits of community members are closely approached or exceeded. Paleoecologists should be alert to the strong likelihood that many temporal transitions involving autochthonous fossil associations are, in fact, community replacement sequences. 0 Community replacement, ecologic succession, subevolutionary time, speciesabundance reorganization, species turnover.

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“…praeacea). Rollins (1967) and Rollins et al (1979) considered Euphemites to be an infaunal deposit feeder which plowed through the substrate. Linsley (1978b) illustrated the animal as a strange-looking snail having a virtually internal shell (Fig.…”

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confidence: 99%

Infaunal or semi‐infaunal bellerophont gastropods: analysis of Euphemites and functionally related taxa

Harper

Rollins

1985

LET

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198501 15: Infaunal or semi-infaunal bellerophont gastropods:LETHAIA analysis of euphemites and functionally related taxa. Lethaia, Vol. 18, Oslo. ISSN 0024- 1164.Burrowing and plowing gastropods may have existed prior to the Mesozoic, contrary to the conservative tendency of categorizing Paleozoic archaeogastropods as herbivorous hardground dwellers. We propose that Euphemites and other bellerophontiform molluscs such as Praematuratroph and Beyrichidiscus make functional and paleoecological sense only if reconstructed with an internal shell adapted to an infaunal mode of life. Attributes diagnostic of a probable infaunal mode of life in fossil bellerophontiform molluscs include: (1) lack of apertural flare; (2) restricted aperture; (3) low rate of whorl expansion; (4) semi-radial aperture; (5) extensive secondary shell deposits; (6) absence of extensive collabral ornament; (7) dorsolateral or umbilical furrows; (8) color patterns indicative of mantle extension and retraction capabilities; (9) absence of shell breakage and repair; and (10) associated lithologies indicative of penetrable substrates such as mudstones. Niche diversity in the bellerophontacean molluscs was probably much greater than previously suspected. This is entirely consistent with their long geologic range. Most bellerophontaceans, particularly the Late Paleozoic forms, were probably either 'nestling' or semiinfaunal with the apertural margins enwrapped by mantle or mantle and foot. As such they may have been particularly susceptible to predation during the postulated Mesozoic increase in number of infaunal predatorsa factor which may have been contributory to the bellerophontacean demise. 0 Morphological analysis, Euphemites, Bellerophontacea, infaunal gastropods, Late Paleozoic.

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Transgression, regression and fossil community succession

Cited by 56 publications

References 11 publications

Sequence stratigraphy of the lower part of the Muscatatuck Group (Middle Devonian) in southeastern Indiana

Sequence stratigraphy of the lower part of the Muscatatuck Group (Middle Devonian) in southeastern Indiana

Paleoecology of benthic community replacement

Infaunal or semi‐infaunal bellerophont gastropods: analysis of Euphemites and functionally related taxa

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