Transgressive segregation reveals two Arabidopsis TIR‐NB‐LRR resistance genes effective against <i>Leptosphaeria maculans</i>, causal agent of blackleg disease

Staal, Jens; Kaliff, Maria; Bohman, Svante; Dixelius, Christina

doi:10.1111/j.1365-313x.2006.02688.x

Cited by 95 publications

(106 citation statements)

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“…Until recently, gene-for-gene type resistance in Arabidopsis has only been reported for biotrophic pathogens (Glazebrook, 2005). Despite its primarily necrotrophic nature, L. maculans does, however, display a gene-for-gene relationship with both Brassica napus and Arabidopsis (Delourme et al, 2006;Staal et al, 2006). Transgressive segregation in crosses between the Arabidopsis accessions Ler-0 and genomic loci that correspond to the chromosome segment on Arabidopsis chromosome 1, which harbours RLM1 Col (Delourme et al, 2004;Mayerhofer et al, 2005;Parkin et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RLM3, a TIR domain encoding gene involved in broad‐range immunity of Arabidopsis to necrotrophic fungal pathogens

et al. 2008

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SummaryHere, we describe the rapid cloning of a plant gene, Leptosphaeria maculans 3 (RLM3 Col ), which encodes a putative Toll interleukin-1 receptor-nucleotide binding (TIR-NB) class protein, which is involved in defence against the fungal pathogen L. maculans and against three other necrotrophic fungi. We have, through microarray-based case control bulk segregant comparisons of transcriptomes in pools of Col-0 · An-1 progeny, identified the absence of a locus that causes susceptibility in An-1. The significance of this locus on chromosome 4 for L. maculans resistance was supported by PCR-based mapping, and denoted resistance to RLM3 Col . Differential susceptible phenotypes in four independent T-DNA insertion lines support the hypothesis that At4g16990 is required for RLM3 Col function. The mutants in RLM3 Col also exhibited an enhanced susceptibility to Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria brassicicola and Alternaria brassicae. Complementations of An-1 and T-DNA mutants using overexpression of a short transcript lacking the NB-ARC domain, or a genomic clone, restored resistance to all necrotrophic fungi. The elevated expression of RLM3 Col on B. cinerea-susceptible mutants further suggested convergence in signalling and gene regulation between defence against B. cinerea and L. maculans. In the case of L. maculans, RLM3 Col is required for efficient callose deposition downstream of RLM1 Col .

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RLM3, a TIR domain encoding gene involved in broad‐range immunity of Arabidopsis to necrotrophic fungal pathogens

et al. 2008

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“…Its presence in over 50 strains that successfully colonize perennial ryegrass suggests a virulence function 85 . Finally, Arabidopsis non-host resistance to Leptosphaeria maculans, a fungal pathogen of Brassica, is actually mediated by unlinked NB-LRR proteins present in each parent of a cross between two accessions 86 . Hence, cryptic NB-LRR mediated responses acting in parallel can limit pathogen host range.…”

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The plant immune system

Jones

Dangl

2006

Nature

11,116

9,959

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Many plant-associated microbes are pathogens that impair plant growth and reproduction. Plants respond to infection using a two-branched innate immune system. The first branch recognizes and responds to molecules common to many classes of microbes, including non-pathogens. The second responds to pathogen virulence factors, either directly or through their effects on host targets. These plant immune systems, and the pathogen molecules to which they respond, provide extraordinary insights into molecular recognition, cell biology and evolution across biological kingdoms. A detailed understanding of plant immune function will underpin crop improvement for food, fibre and biofuels production.

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“…Sequence analysis of this gene revealed significant homology to two putative R genes on a resistance gene cluster on chromosome 5 of Arabidopsis (Saal and Struss, 2005). (Staal et al, 2006. Two TIR-NBS-LRR genes: AtRlm1 and AtRlm2 are present in the different genotypes Col and Ler and are mapped on chromosomes 1 and 4, respectively.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…AtRLM1 was found to share a similarity to a homologous region on chromosome 4 that corresponds to AtRLM2 indicating that they are closely related and may have evolved through gene duplication (Staal et al, 2006). AtRLM3 encodes an NBS-LRR and is another candidate that appears to act as a critical downstream component of AtRlm1 (Meyers et al, 2003, Staal et al, 2006. Since it has been shown that blackleg resistance genes in B.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…AtRlm1 and another two genes, AtRlm2 and AtRlm3 have been identified as Arabidopsis thaliana Resistance to Leptosphaeria maculans gene. These genes encode NBS-LRR proteins (Staal et al, 2006. Therefore, it could be hypothesized that L. maculans resistance genes are related to the NBS-LRR protein family.…”

Section: Identification and Characterization Of Nbs-lrr And Lrr-contamentioning

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Genome wide identification of NBS-LRR genes in Brassica and their association with disease resistance in Brassica napus

Alamery¹

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Brassica napus (canola/rapeseed/oilseed rape) is an important commercial oilseed crop in Australia with an annual production of approximately 1.6 million tons of oil. Canola is an important source of edible vegetable oil and has a broad range of industrial purposes. Blackleg disease (stem canker) caused by the fungal pathogen Leptosphaeria maculans, is one of the most devastating diseases in B. napus. This disease causes significant yield losses with an annual average loss of 15 to 48 %, although losses can reach up to 80% worldwide, mainly in Europe, Australia and Canada.In order to develop an effective strategy to control the blackleg disease, there is a need to identify blackleg resistance genes in Brassica species and understand the genetic interaction between plant resistance genes and the pathogen avirulence genes. Thus, identification of Nucleotide Binding SiteLeucine Rich Repeat (NBS-LRR) resistance genes is one of the most important objectives of understanding resistance. NBS-LRR resistance genes have been extensively studied because they represent the largest class of disease resistance genes and play a critical role in defending plants from pathogens.The objective of this study was to perform comprehensive analysis on identification and characterization of NBS-LRR genes in the B. napus genome and to study the synteny and conservation of NBS-LRR genes between Brassica species. In this study, a total of 641, 249 and 443 NBS-LRR encoding genes in B. napus, B. rapa and B. oleracea, respectively, were identified.The comparative analysis between B. napus and its progenitor species indicated that NBS-LRR genes exhibited similar gene structure, genomic location, arrangement in clusters and syntenic relationships. The results provide evidence that there was a selective advantage to maintaining similar features of NBS-LRR genes in B. napus to both B. rapa and B. oleracea following polyploidization. More than 60% of NBS LRR genes from the progenitor species were conserved.The differences in NBS-LRR gene conservation could be attributed to gene losses or selection pressure to offer species-specific or cultivars-specific resistance.This study found that the NBS-LRR resistance genes are physically clustered and individual genes involved in clusters were more polymorphic and subject to evolutionary process than singleton genes. These clusters, which have been described in many other species, provide a reservoir of genetic variation influenced by tandem duplication and selection pressure. In addition, there was a significant correlation and co-localization between the number of NBS-LRR genes within the disease QTL intervals and the number of genes involved in gene clusters or duplication. This ii correlation provides evidence that NBS-LRR are distributed and clustered throughout the genome and tends to be linked and associated with disease QTL intervals. Chalhoub, B., Denoeud, F., Liu, S., Parkin, I. A. P., Tang, H., Wang, X., Chiquet, J., Belcram, H., Tong, C., Samans, B., Corréa, M., Da Silva, C., Just, ...

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Transgressive segregation reveals two Arabidopsis TIR‐NB‐LRR resistance genes effective against Leptosphaeria maculans, causal agent of blackleg disease

Cited by 95 publications

References 64 publications

RLM3, a TIR domain encoding gene involved in broad‐range immunity of Arabidopsis to necrotrophic fungal pathogens

RLM3, a TIR domain encoding gene involved in broad‐range immunity of Arabidopsis to necrotrophic fungal pathogens

The plant immune system

Genome wide identification of NBS-LRR genes in Brassica and their association with disease resistance in Brassica napus

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