Transient behavior of simultaneous flow of gas and surfactant solution in consolidated porous media

Baghdikian, S.Y.; Handy, L.L.

doi:10.2172/5434448

Cited by 18 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 67 publications

(221 reference statements)

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“…2 Therefore it is not surprising that there is significant scatter in the data on foam generation here and elsewhere. [11][12][13][14][15][16]28 The surface described above represents an average of behavior that could vary somewhat from experiment to experiment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Foam Generation in Porous Media

Gauglitz

Friedmann

Kam

et al. 2002

Proceedings of SPE/DOE Improved Oil Recovery Symposium

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TX 75083-3836, U.S.A., fax 01-972-952-9435. AbstractIn steady gas-liquid flow in homogeneous porous media with surfactant present, there is often observed a critical injection velocity or pressure gradient ∇p min at which "weak" or "coarse" foam is abruptly converted into "strong foam," with a reduction of one to two orders of magnitude in total mobility: i.e., "foam generation." Earlier research on foam generation is extended here with extensive data for a variety of porous media, permeabilities, gases (N 2 and CO 2 ), surfactants, and temperatures. For bead-and sandpacks, ∇p min scales like (1/k), where k is permeability, over 2½ orders of magnitude in k; for consolidated media, the relation is more complex. For dense-CO 2 foam, ∇p min exists but can be less than 1 psi/ft. If pressure drop, rather than flow rates, is fixed, one observes an unstable regime between stable "strong" and "coarse" foam regimes; in the unstable regime ∇p is nonuniform in space or variable in time. Results are interpreted in terms of the theory of foam mobilization at a critical pressure gradient.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Baghdikian and Handy's experiments, 28 gas and liquid were injected at fixed, steady rates into a core, initially with low ∆p across the core. Over a period of hours ∆p increased gradually, and at an apparent threshold ∆p foam generation suddenly occurred, and ∆p shot upwards abruptly.…”

Section: Previous Studies Of Foam Generationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foam Generation in Porous Media

Gauglitz

Friedmann

Kam

et al. 2002

Proceedings of SPE/DOE Improved Oil Recovery Symposium

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“…Rossen and Gauglitz (1990) found that the same combinations of gas and liquid injection rates sometimes gave foam generation and sometimes did not. Baghdikian and Handy (1991) found that near the limits of the coarse-foam state perturbations accumulated over long periods of injection and eventually triggered foam generation.…”

Section: Steady Co-injection In Uniform Porous Mediamentioning

confidence: 97%

Injection Strategies for Foam Generation in Homogeneous and Layered Porous Media

Li¹,

Rossen

2005

Proceedings of SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition

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TX 75083-3836, U.S.A., fax 01-972-952-9435. AbstractFoam generation plays a crucial role in the use of foam for improved oil recovery, acid diversion and environmental remediation. This sandpack study extends previous work to layered media, the effect of surfactant concentration, and injection strategy, including alternating-slug (SAG) injection and pulsed injection rate and pressure. As in earlier studies, three foam states were observed: high-mobility coarse foam at low pressure gradient, low-mobility strong foam at high pressure gradient, and, in between, an intermediate state with nearly complete gas plugging.With co-injection of gas and liquid in homogeneous sandpacks, foam generation occurred at lower pressure gradient and lower gas velocity at higher liquid injection rates, higher permeability, and higher surfactant concentration. Within the plugged state, the pressure gradients required for foam propagation were remarkably high (of order 10 psi/ft) given the high permeability of the packs.In flow from lower-to higher-permeability layers, foam generation occurred at lower pressure gradient than expected in either medium by itself. However, a minimum threshold pressure gradient for foam generation was still observed when the permeability contrast was of order 5:1, contradicting theory for foam generation at a sharp permeability transition. Foam generation was observed at all pressure gradients when the permeability contrast was 20:1. With co-injection of gas and liquid into layered packs, the low-mobility zone near the transition in permeability spread downstream if pressure gradient was sufficient.During gas injection in SAG processes, a low-mobility front traveled the length of homogeneous packs and then exited. In heterogeneous packs, SAG injection gave persistent low mobility near the transition in permeability. Gas mobility in SAG processes was from 10 to 100 times higher than with co-injection of gas and liquid.Briefly raising injection pressure in steady co-injection helped trigger foam generation in layered media, but had no lasting effect in homogeneous packs.Foam was not uniform within packs, especially in the plugged state. Therefore, properties averaged over the pack do not represent a homogeneous state. Care is needed in using such data to fit mechanistic models for foam behavior.

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“…Laboratory data for the transient displacements during foam injection are few. Baghdikian and Handy [69] studied the transient behavior of simultaneous flow of gas and surfactant solution in consolidated porous media. Several of the factors that contribute to the foam generation were described.…”

Section: Introduction and Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Results indicated that in some cases, an excessively large number of pore volumes of foam injection is necessary to propagate foam deep into the reservoir (see Ref. [69]). These corresponded to lower gas and surfactant velocities, where foam generation was not expected according to the critical gas velocity criterion cited before [67].…”

Section: Introduction and Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modification of chemical and physical factors in steamflood in increase heavy oil recovery. Annual report, October 1, 1994--September 30, 1995

Yortsos¹

1996

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Transient behavior of simultaneous flow of gas and surfactant solution in consolidated porous media

Cited by 18 publications

References 67 publications

Foam Generation in Porous Media

Foam Generation in Porous Media

Injection Strategies for Foam Generation in Homogeneous and Layered Porous Media

Modification of chemical and physical factors in steamflood in increase heavy oil recovery. Annual report, October 1, 1994--September 30, 1995

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