Transient Characteristic Analysis of a Tri-Axial HTS Power Cable Using PSCAD/EMTDC

Along with advancements in superconducting technology, especially in high temperature superconductors (HTS), the use of these materials in power system applications is gaining outstanding attention. Due to the lower weight, higher current carrying capability, and the lower loss of HTS cables compared to conventional counterparts, they are among the most focused applications of superconductors in power systems. In near future, these cables will be installed as key elements not only in power systems but also in cryo-electrified transportation units, which take advantage of both cryogenics and superconducting technology simultaneously, e.g. hydrogen-powered aircraft. Given the sensitivity of the reliable and continuous performance of HTS cables, any failures, caused by faults, could be catastrophic, if they are not designed appropriately. Thus, fault analysis of superconducting cables is crucial for ensuring their safety, reliability, and stability, and also for characterising the behaviour of HTS cables under fault currents at the design stage. Many investigations were conducted on the fault characterisation and analysis of HTS cables in the last few years. This paper aims to provide a topical review on all of these conducted studies, It will discuss the current challenges of HTS cables and after that current developments of fault behaviour of HTS cables would be presented, and then we will discuss the future trends and future challenges of superconducting cables regarding their fault performance.

Section: Simulation Approach Based On Low Volume Insulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

High temperature superconducting cables and their performance against short circuit faults: current development, challenges, solutions, and future trends

Yazdani-Asrami

Seyyedbarzegar

Sadeghi

et al. 2022

“…In equation ( 1) ṁ is the mass flow rate, c p is the specific heat at constant pressure (assumed constant), T is the temperature (subscripts sl and rl refer the supply and return lines, respectively), x is the axial spatial coordinate, q (x) is the heat rate per unit length transferred between the two streams (positive for the supply line and negative for the return line, respectively), qJ is the heat rate per unit length due to electrical dissipation and viscous friction, and qext the parasitic heat rate per unit length from the environment (only to the return line). The effect of the dielectric thermal conductance on the longitudinal temperature distribution are computed for a 2.5 km length cable with a counter-flow cooling, and similarly it is done in [33] on a 1 km long cable.…”

Section: Simplified 1d or 1d+ Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal-hydraulic models for the cooling of HTS power-transmission cables: status and needs

Savoldi¹,

Placido²,

Viarengo³

2022

An overview of the main peculiarities of the models currently available in literature for the thermal-hydraulic analysis of the cooling of the HTS power transmission cables, mainly in nominal operating conditions, is performed. Several models address specific issues such as the temperature distribution along or across the cables, and their pressure drop, typically with a simplified approach. The verification and validation of the models has not been systematically addressed so far. From the analysis of the available literature, the lack of a general model, capable to address thermal-hydraulic transients for the cooling of the different possible cable designs, with capability to catch both the behaviour of the cable solid components and different cryogens, is highlighted. The main ingredients that such general thermal-hydraulic model should not miss are presented, also based on the know-how on, and comparison to, similar tools for LTS cables for nuclear fusion applications.

“…In addition, FEMs are not implementable for real-time modelling and applications, and are often used in the design stage of a superconducting device. (iii) The third method of characterizing the fault performance of HTS cables is the equivalent circuit model (ECM) [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. ECMs are faster than FEMs and offer high accuracy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intelligent surrogate model of a high-temperature superconducting cable for reliable energy delivery: short-circuit fault performance

Sadeghi,

Song,

Yazdani-Asrami

2024

High Temperature Superconducting (HTS) cables are promising devices for electrical power transmission of renewable energy resources, where their fault performance study is vital to avoid interruptions in electric system. In this study, fast intelligent surrogate models were presented to estimate the fault performance of a 22.9 kV/50 MW HTS cable to make the fast fault performance analysis of the HTS cables possible, during the design stages. Different fault scenarios were considered under different fault durations, fault resistances, and types of faults. Then, fault energy, fault current, fault type, fault duration, and fault resistances were fed into surrogate model, as inputs. On the other hand, the outputs were temperature of ReBCO tapes, former temperature, ReBCO layer current, and total resistance of each phase. For surrogate modelling, Cascade Forward Neural Networks (CFNN) was used. Results show that the accuracy of CFNN-based model to estimate fault performance of the cable with an average accuracy of 99.1%. Finally, the impact of considering fault energy, fault current, and both, as the inputs of the models, on the final accuracy was explored. Results showed that fault energy consideration could increase the accuracy of surrogate model.