Transient climate change and net ecosystem production of the terrestrial biosphere

China's terrestrial carbon balance: Contributions from multiple global change factors

“…In addition, these models predict that improvements in nitrogen availability will lead to enhancements in plant productivity and carbon sequestration. These improvements in nitrogen availability could occur from warming-induced enhancement of decomposition of soil organic matter [Xiao et al, 1998;Bonan, 2008;Sokolov et al, 2008;Zaehle et al, 2010a;Bonan and Levis, 2010] or by the addition of nitrogen to the ecosystem through the application of nitrogen fertilizer [Felzer et al, 2004[Felzer et al, , 2005Zaehle et al, 2010b] or atmospheric nitrogen deposition [Thornton et al, 2007;Jain et al, 2009;McGuire et al, 2010;Zaehle et al, 2010b]. In previous studies, the benefits of atmospheric nitrogen deposition on terrestrial carbon sequestration have been secondary to CO 2 fertilization effects.…”

Linking local air pollution to global chemistry and climate

“…Outputs from the chemistry-climate model such as CO2 concentration, precipitation, surface temperature, and cloud coverage are then utilized by the ecosystem model to calculate important biogeochemical fluxes, including net primary and ecosystem production [Xiao et al, 1998]. …”

Photovoltaic canopies: thermodynamics to achieve a sustainable systems approach to mitigate the urban heat island hysteresis lag effect

“…A mature 40 foot tree with a crown of 30 feet can decrease air temperature by transpiring as much as 40 gallons of water per day. Urban forestry canopy coverage over paved surfaces has been evaluated as a sustainable systems mitigation strategy for the Urban Heat Island effect by examining temporal, hydrocarbon and stormwater impacts while potentially increasing pavement longevity (Akbari et al 1993;Asaeda et al 1996;Scott et al 1999;Xiao et al 1998;McPherson et al 1999). Some municipalities within the United States have adopted parking lot canopy coverage such as Sacramento, California which requires 50% canopy coverage of the total parking lot area within 15 years of a projects development (Sacramento City Ordinance 17.64.030).…”