Transient evaluation of a city bus air conditioning system with R-445A as drop-in – From the molecules to the system

Schulze, Christian; Raabe, Gabriele; Tegethoff, Wilhelm; Koehler, Juergen

doi:10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2015.01.033

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In the study of Devecioğlu and Oruç (2017), R444A and R445A also show lower COP but the use of these mixtures in R134a systems is recommended if possible highest COP is not the key objective. Schulze et al (2015) have evaluated R445A as R134a drop-in alternative in bus air conditioning system (not included in the Directive 2006/40/EC). The results were not favorable for the new mixture since the COP and the cooling capacity were lower, the high pressure and the compressor outlet temperature increased, and the there is a higher risk of ice formation.…”

Section: Mobile Air Conditioning (Mac)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent investigations in HFCs substitution with lower GWP synthetic alternatives: Focus on energetic performance and environmental impact

Mota-Babiloni

Makhnatch

Khodabandeh

2017

International Journal of Refrigeration

142

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Recent investigations in HFCs substitution with lower GWP synthetic alternatives: focus on energetic performance and environmental impact  More studies about lower GWP refrigerants are needed to facilitate the phase-out HFCs.  HFO studies are mostly found in MAC and domestic refrigerators.  Stationary refrigeration equipment presents the major variety of studies.  Multipack centralized refrigeration systems studies are being dominated by CO 2 (R744).  R32 is limited by the discharge temperature and injection cycles are needed.  Mixtures could help to overcome pure fluids handicaps.

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Section: Mobile Air Conditioning (Mac)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent investigations in HFCs substitution with lower GWP synthetic alternatives: Focus on energetic performance and environmental impact

Mota-Babiloni

Makhnatch

Khodabandeh

2017

International Journal of Refrigeration

142

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“…As shown in the figure, alteration in atmospheric air temperature and solar radiation causes remarkable variation in the total cooling load (heat gain) of the intercity bus throughout the day. For example, the maximum value of heat gain was determined to be roughly 26…”

Section: Cooling Load Capacity Of Intercity Busmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, they expressed that increasing compressor speed of the fixed capacity compressor yields increase in total exergy destruction. Schulze et al [26] performed a transient evaluation of a city bus AC system using R445a as a refrigerant. In their study, a method was presented to obtain the thermophysical properties of the R445a blend.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamic Analysis of an Intercity Bus Air-Conditioning System Working with HCFC, HFC, CFC and HC Refrigerants

Bilgili¹,

Cardak²,

Aktaş³

et al. 2019

International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies

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The purpose of this study is to perform thermodynamic analysis of an intercity bus airconditioning (ICBAC) system working with hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC), hydrofluorocarbon (HFC), chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) and hydrocarbon (HC) refrigerants. For this aim, an intercity bus with a busload of 56 passengers, which is thought to motion in the Adana province of Turkey, was selected. R404A, R410A, R502, R507, R22, R290, R134a, R500 and R600a were selected as different HCFC/HFC/CFC/HC refrigerant types in the ICBAC system. Useful and reversible works of compressor, coefficient of performance (COP), exergy efficiency and exergy destructions of the entire ICBAC system and its each sub-unit were obtained. The results showed that the performance of the ICBAC system was significantly influenced by changing the refrigerants. However, R600a refrigerant based on hydrocarbon was found as a refrigerant to have minimum total exergy destruction, maximum exergy efficiency and maximum COP compared to other refrigerants used in the ICBAC system with the same amount of cooling load and the same climatic condition.

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“…Compared with R134a, while drop-in performance of R445A is similar at most a test conditions, that of R444A is only similar at high load (at part load performance can be incremented considering an well sized internal heat exchanger and separated receiver dryer). Schulze et al [74] concluded that R445A COP is slightly lower (8%) and that there is a higher risk of ice formation at the evaporator. These mixtures are still low-flammable and they are another option to substitute R134a as R1234yf.…”

Section: R1234ze(e) Mixturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of refrigerant R1234ze(E) recent investigations

Mota-Babiloni

Navarro-Esbrí

Molés

et al. 2016

Applied Thermal Engineering

165

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Climate change is demonstrated through global surface temperatures increase in the last century. To stop this phenomenon, new regulations that ban or taxes greenhouse gas fluids (HFC among them) have being approved. In the medium term, only low-GWP refrigerants will be permitted in developed countries. HFO are synthetic fluids that show similar properties to used HFC. Among them, one of the most promising is R1234ze(E). This refrigerant presents good environmental properties and can be used in most of HVACR applications, pure or mixed with HFC or natural refrigerants (mainly CO2). This paper collects the most relevant research about R1234ze(E) thermophysical and compatibility properties, heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics, and vapour compression system performance; separating those works that considers R1234ze(E) pure or blended. Once analyzed literature available, it can be concluded that pure R1234ze(E) is a good option only in new HVACR systems. Nevertheless, if it is combined with other refrigerants also reduces considerably the final GWP value, maintaining efficiency parameters at levels that allow them to replace R134a, R404A or R410A in existing systems with minor modifications.

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Transient evaluation of a city bus air conditioning system with R-445A as drop-in – From the molecules to the system

Cited by 10 publications

References 12 publications

Recent investigations in HFCs substitution with lower GWP synthetic alternatives: Focus on energetic performance and environmental impact

Recent investigations in HFCs substitution with lower GWP synthetic alternatives: Focus on energetic performance and environmental impact

Thermodynamic Analysis of an Intercity Bus Air-Conditioning System Working with HCFC, HFC, CFC and HC Refrigerants

A review of refrigerant R1234ze(E) recent investigations

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