Transient Evolution of Nonmetallic Inclusions in a Si–Mn‐Killed Stainless Steel with Cerium Addition

Zhang, Ji; Ren, Ying; Ren, Qiang; Zhang, Lifeng

doi:10.1002/srin.202100773

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Specifically, the balance between the Ce 2 O 3 -containing refining slag and the molten steel-containing aluminum will lead to a small amount of cerium being dissolved into the molten steel. This rare earth element can perform a vital role in purifying, modifying, and micro-alloying steels [138], modifying the inclusions [139][140][141][142], refining the solidification structure [143], and improving the performance [144][145][146] of RE steels. The effects of rare earth elements on the modification of inclusions have been widely studied, both in lab experiments and within industrial scale production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Inclusion Removal Ability in Refining Slags Containing Ce2O3

Cao

Wang

et al. 2023

Crystals

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The elimination of inclusions in steelmaking processes has been widely studied. The removal of inclusions by slags containing the rare earth oxide Ce2O3 are studied using an integrated numerical model. The integrated model involves the inclusion motion model, interfacial tension calculation model, surface tension calculation model of slag, and the mass action concentration model, based on ion and molecule coexistence theory. The motion behaviors of both solid Al2O3 inclusions and 50%wtAl2O3–50%wtCaO liquid inclusions of varied sizes at CaO-Ce2O3-SiO2-Al2O3(-MgO) slag systems are evaluated. The results show that it is more difficult to remove the inclusions with smaller sizes and in slag with a higher viscosity. Liquid inclusions are more difficult to remove than solid inclusions. It is found that the CaO-Ce2O3-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO refining slag shows a better ability to remove Al2O3 inclusions than that of the CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO slag. The reason for this is that the addition of the rare earth oxide Ce2O3 can decrease the viscosity of slags, as well as improving the wetting effects of slags on Al2O3 inclusions. For two slags systems, the CaO-Ce2O3-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO slag system shows a better ability to remove Al2O3 inclusions than the CaO-Ce2O3-SiO2-Al2O3 slag system. The addition of 5% to 8% Ce2O3 in a CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO slag is an optimized case for industrial applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Inclusion Removal Ability in Refining Slags Containing Ce2O3

Cao

Wang

et al. 2023

Crystals

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“…On changing microstructure, inclusions could fine grains by offering nucleation site for ferrite, [4][5][6][7] which was helpful to the properties. And on modifying inclusions, inclusions could make harmful inclusions form beneficial inclusions, 4,8 such as Ca-treat in Al-killed steel. 9,10 There were two important aspects for inclusions, formation mechanism of inclusions and effect of refining grains.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanism of cerium-based inclusion formation and influence on impact toughness in industrial Al-killed steel

Zhang,

Zhi,

Song

et al. 2024

Ironmaking & Steelmaking: Processes, Products and Applicati

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Mechanism of cerium-based inclusion formation and influence on impact toughness were researched in industrial Al-killed steel. In the final product, actual inclusions were complex, consisting of Al-O-Ce (Ce-poor), Al-O-Ce (Ce-rich), Al-O-Ce-S(Al-poor) and S-Ca (Mn-rich) from inside to outside. Results of thermodynamic balance calculation were completely inconsistent with the actual inclusions. Considering decomposing or disappearing of formed inclusions in steel difficult, new computing results showed that inclusions were formed by firstly Al2O3 (exist in molten steel before adding Ce), AlCeO3, Ce2O2S, CaS, Ca (Mn)S and MnS in turn, in better agreement with the actual inclusions. Outside of the actual inclusions, Ce2O2S and CaS had a smaller disregistry with ferrite, which could offer effective nucleation sites. And small inclusion was surrounded in a grain and bigger inclusion was surrounded in two grains at least. Microstructures were observed that grains with Ce were finer than grains without Ce. Moreover, V-notch impact toughness of samples was tested at 0 and −60°C, respectively. Compared with samples without Ce, the values of impact toughness were increased by 161% at 0°C and 225% at −60°C, respectively. And fracture surface with Ce had more and finer dimples and finer cleavages than that without Ce.

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“…Wang et al [13] investigated the effect of cerium (Ce) on the morphology of Al 2 O 3 inclusions and determined that, after adding Ce, inclusions changed from a morphology of long strip and sharp angle to spherical and spindle surface. Zhang et al [14] demonstrated the evolution path of inclusions with an increased Ce content in Si-Mn-killed steel, from Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 -MnO-CaO to Ce 2 O 3 -Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 -MnO-CaO, Ce 2 O 3 , and Ce 2 O 3 -CeS. Huang et al [15] reported the inclusion evolution process when the Ce content increased from 0-0.03% in H13 steel, as changed from MgO•Al 2 O 3 to CeAlO 3 , Ce-O, and Ce-O-S…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Cerium on Inclusion Modification in a Secondary-Hardening Steel

et al. 2023

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Owing to the continuous increasing of steel strength, mechanical properties including toughness and fatigue performance are becoming increasingly sensitive to inclusions in ultra-high strength steel. Rare-earth treatment is considered as an effective method to reduce the harmful effects of inclusions, but is rarely applied in secondary-hardening steel. In the present study, different amounts of cerium were added in a secondary-hardening steel to investigate the modification effect of Ce on non-metallic inclusions in steel. The characteristics of inclusions were observed experimentally using SEM-EDS and the modification mechanism was analyzed based on thermodynamic calculations. The results indicated that the main inclusions in Ce-free steel are Mg-Al-O + MgS. Thermodynamic calculation indicated that MgAl2O4 is firstly formed in liquid steel and then successively transformed into MgO and MgS during cooling process. When the Ce content is 0.0030%, the typical inclusions in steel were individual Ce2O2S and MgO + Ce2O2S complex inclusions. When the Ce content was increased to 0.0071%, the typical inclusions in steel were individual Ce2O2S- and Mg-containing inclusions. Ce treatment modifies the angular magnesium aluminum spinel inclusions into spherical and ellipsoidal Ce-containing inclusions, thus reducing the harmful effect of inclusion on steel properties.

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Transient Evolution of Nonmetallic Inclusions in a Si–Mn‐Killed Stainless Steel with Cerium Addition

Cited by 12 publications

References 45 publications

Assessment of Inclusion Removal Ability in Refining Slags Containing Ce2O3

Assessment of Inclusion Removal Ability in Refining Slags Containing Ce2O3

Mechanism of cerium-based inclusion formation and influence on impact toughness in industrial Al-killed steel

Effect of Cerium on Inclusion Modification in a Secondary-Hardening Steel

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