Transient finite element analysis of a traumatic fracture of the zygomatic bone caused by a head collision

Biomechanical investigation of naso-orbitoethmoid trauma by finite element analysis

“…After manual segmentation the dataset was exported into VRML (virtual reality modeling language), triangulated (VWorks 4.0 ® Cybermed, Korea), and imported into ANSYS ICEM CFD 12.0.1 ® (ANSYS Inc, Canonsburg, USA). 6 To assign individual variables of the bony material to each element, we translated grey-scale values of the CT Hounsfield scale into information on bone density, and used a BoneMat script to calculate Young's modulus for each element. 7,8 Two different study designs were chosen: the medial third of the infraorbital rim ( Fig.…”

Does facial soft tissue protect against zygomatic fractures? Results of a finite element analysis

“…As explained in previous studies [12, 21] and by Szwedowski et al [29] using patient-specific Young’s moduli for bone derived from the individual CT-scan should increase the quality of the study and is a step towards the individualization of craniofacial biomechanical simulation.…”

“…Finite element models (FE-models) have developed from rather simple models at the beginning to very sophisticated 3D-models with increasing computing capacity and improving methods of data acquisition [9–12]. …”

“…The authors have shown that finite element analysis can reproduce a head collision leading to a typical fracture pattern in a previous study without the integration of midfacial soft tissue [12]. Regarding further biomechanical literature on zygomatic trauma, only reports concentrating on the field of zygomatic fracture osteosynthesis or necessary impact forces have been published by now [13–15].…”

“…Published studies investigating adjacent anatomical regions like the orbit or maxilla concentrated on bone stresses and have neglected facial soft tissue in their simulations [9–12, 15]. …”