Transient finite element modeling of functional electrical stimulation

Abstract

Abstract. Transcutaneous functional electrical stimulation is commonly used for strengthening muscle. However, transient effects during stimulation are not yet well explored. The effect of an amplitude change of the stimulation can be described by static model, but there is no differency for different pulse duration. The aim of this study is to present the finite element (FE) model of a transient electrical stimulation on the forearm. Discrete FE equations were derived by using a standard Galerkin procedure. Different tissue conductive and dielectric properties are fitted using least square method and trial and error analysis from experimental measurement.This study showed that FE modeling of electrical stimulation can give the spatial-temporal distribution of applied current in the forearm. Three different cases were modeled with the same geometry but with different input of the current pulse, in order to fit the tissue properties by using transient FE analysis. All three cases were compared with experimental measurements of intramuscular voltage on one volunteer.

Influence of Different Geometric Representations of the Volume Conductor on Nerve Activation during Electrical Stimulation

“…In addition, this result supports studies that use cylindrical models for electrode optimization [14, 28]. Also, the electrical conductivities of the model tissues can be tuned to reduce the error [29, 30]; nevertheless, the model needs to be retuned when simulation conditions change, such as stimulation site, interelectrode distance, and electrode size.…”

Electromagnetic field investigation on different cancer cell lines

“…EMF had antiproliferative and proapoptotic activity in varying degrees, depending on the cell lines and time of exposure. The effect can be explained according to two proposed mechanisms [28]: during cytokinesis and during cell division when it interferes with the microtubule spindle polymerization processes. Thus, EMF disrupts the cell structure, inhibits cell division and results in cell death.…”

“…Hence, the following parameters need to be estimated using the experimental results -D, ρ, a and b. The equation (1) was solved numerically using the finite element method [28]. The in-house developed software for time-dependent twodimensional analysis was used for this purpose.…”

Mechanisms and therapeutic effectiveness of pulsed electromagnetic field therapy in oncology

“…This action is exerted in vitro by interfering with microtubule spindle polymerization. Indeed, PEMF exposure reduces the fraction of polymerized microtubules, disrupts the mitotic spindle structure, inhibits cell division, thereby leading to chromosome mis‐segregation and cancer‐induced apoptosis . In summary, studies in human breast and colon cancer cell lines are promising and warrant further investigations.…”