Transient Global Amnesia Associated with a Unilateral Infarction of the Fornix: Case Report and Review of the Literature

Gupta, Mihir; Kantor, Molly A.; Tung, Christie E.; Zhang, Niushen; Albers, Gregory W.

doi:10.3389/fneur.2014.00291

Cited by 29 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Some studies have found TGA patients to have higher vascular risk factors and greater frequency of carotid atherosclerosis, suggesting an atherosclerotic embolic event as a cause [4,20]. One final hypothesis is that TGA is a type of migrainous aura, occurring due to cortical spreading depression, leading to cellular metabolic stress in vulnerable CA-1 sector neurons [9,18,[21][22][23][24]. Genetics may also contribute to susceptibility, based on observations from limited case studies [15,[25][26][27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors determining recurrence in transient global amnesia

Tynas

Panegyres

2020

BMC Neurol

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Background: Aetiology of transient global amnesia (TGA) remains uncertain, though many have been proposed, including ischaemic, migrainous or epileptic pathologies. Methods: We attempted to determine risk factors for TGA, as well as prognostic factors that may cause recurrence. We evaluated clinical history, family history and magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) studies of 93 prospective patients with TGA. Patients were followed from 2004 to 2016. Fifteen of 93 (16%) patients experienced a recurrence of TGA. Results: Among precipitating events, physical activities inducing Valsalva-like manoeuvres were most common, followed by emotional stress. Eighty-four patients had possible comorbidities or risk factors for TGA, though no single risk factor was ubiquitous. Risk factors associated with recurrence were head injury (isolated vs. recurrent, 16.7% vs. 53.5%, p < 0.01), depression (isolated vs. recurrent, 15.4% vs 46.7%, p = 0.01) and family history of dementia (isolated vs. recurrent, 20.5% vs. 46.7%, p = 0.03). Of 15 patients with confirmed recurrent TGA, two developed dementia and four subjective memory impairment. DWI lesions were observed in 24 patients and were located anywhere within the hippocampus. Conclusions: DWI lesions were not significantly associated with outcomes (recurrence, subjective memory impairment, dementia). We have found that depression, previous head injury and family history of dementia may predict TGA recurrence.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors determining recurrence in transient global amnesia

Tynas

Panegyres

2020

BMC Neurol

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“…The precommissural fibers connect to interstitial nucleus of stria teminalis, accumbens, anterior olfactory nucleus, nucleus of the diagonal band, and preoptic areas, while postcommissural fibers connect to thalamus, hypothalamus, and midbrain (Insausti and Amaral 2004). Lesions of the fornix have disruptive effects on the connectivity of the hippocampus, and result in deficits in memory formation (Gupta et al, 2014; Dumont et al, 2015). We showed that structures along the SHH pathway have morphometric and microstructural alteration in the CVN-AD model, notably reduced FA, and that the fornix FA could be predicted by the hippocampal volume (R 2 ~0.6).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The fornix provides multiple biomarkers to characterize circuit disruption in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease

Badea

Kane

et al. 2016

NeuroImage

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Multivariate biomarkers are needed for detecting Alzheimer’s disease (AD), understanding its etiology, and quantifying the effect of therapies. Mouse models provide opportunities to study characteristics of AD in well-controlled environments that can help facilitate development of early interventions. The CVN-AD mouse model replicates multiple AD hallmark pathologies, and we identified multivariate biomarkers characterizing a brain circuit disruption predictive of cognitive decline. In vivo and ex vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed that CVN-AD mice replicate the hippocampal atrophy (6%), characteristic of humans with AD, and also present changes in subcortical areas. The largest effect was in the fornix (23% smaller), which connects the septum, hippocampus, and hypothalamus. In characterizing the fornix with diffusion tensor imaging, fractional anisotropy was most sensitive (20% reduction), followed by radial (15%) and axial diffusivity (2%), in detecting pathological changes. These findings were strengthened by optical microscopy and ultrastructural analyses. Ultrastructual analysis provided estimates of axonal density, diameters, and myelination—through the g-ratio, defined as the ratio between the axonal diameter, and the diameter of the axon plus the myelin sheath. The fornix had reduced axonal density (47% fewer), axonal degeneration (13% larger axons), and abnormal myelination (1.5% smaller g-ratios). CD68 staining showed that white matter pathology could be secondary to neuronal degeneration, or due to direct microglial attack. In conclusion, these findings strengthen the hypothesis that the fornix plays a role in AD, and can be used as a disease biomarker and as a target for therapy.

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“…Причиной грубых дефектов памяти, вплоть до транзиторной глобальной амнезии, может быть и острое изолированное повреждение свода (тела и его левой колонки) на фоне ишемического инсульта [24]. В противовес этому двустороннее повреждение свода опухолью, т.е.…”

Section: рис 2 мрт пациента н в режиме т1 (а) T2 Flair (б) и T2 (в)unclassified

A clinical and neuropsychological study of patients before and after resection of third ventricle colloid cysts

et al. 2017

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Postoperative memory impairment of a varying degree was found in 21 out of 43 patients, with adhesions between the cyst capsule and fornix being observed only in 5 patients. In this case, no injury to the fornix was intraoperatively observed. We discuss the role of the age factor, cyst size, and technical surgical difficulties in the pathogenesis of memory disorders in the absence of injury to the calvarium during colloid cyst resection.

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Transient Global Amnesia Associated with a Unilateral Infarction of the Fornix: Case Report and Review of the Literature

Cited by 29 publications

References 10 publications

Factors determining recurrence in transient global amnesia

Factors determining recurrence in transient global amnesia

The fornix provides multiple biomarkers to characterize circuit disruption in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease

A clinical and neuropsychological study of patients before and after resection of third ventricle colloid cysts

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